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231.
Oreg S Bayazit M Vakola M Arciniega L Armenakis A Barkauskiene R Bozionelos N Fujimoto Y González L Han J Hrebícková M Jimmieson N Kordacová J Mitsuhashi H Mlacic B Feric I Topic MK Ohly S Saksvik PO Hetland H Saksvik I van Dam K 《The Journal of applied psychology》2008,93(4):935-944
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations. 相似文献
232.
Gamer J Schmukle SC Luka-Krausgrill U Egloff B 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(5):476-480
In this study, we analyzed changes in the strength of self-anxiety associations--as measured by the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety (IAT-Anxiety; Egloff & Schmukle, 2002) and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989)--following treatment of social anxiety. We assessed socially anxious participants (N = 24) prior to and following a group-based treatment; and we assessed healthy controls (N = 24) at matched time points. Results showed (a) higher implicit and explicit anxiety in socially anxious participants (as compared to controls) prior to treatment and (b) reductions in IAT-Anxiety and SPAI scores of socially anxious participants following treatment. We discuss implications of these results for clinical applications of the IAT. 相似文献
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234.
Ethnocentrism can be seen as an expression of narcissism at the group level. However, the relationship between ethnocentrism and narcissism has rarely been studied, and there is little agreement about what this relationship might be. Both have also been treated as simple, unidimensional constructs, whereas research indicates they are better viewed as complex and multidimensional. New research using multidimensional measures of both constructs was therefore conducted in a sample of 264 undergraduates. Narcissism, primarily its covert form, related positively to intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism, but negatively to intragroup expressions. In addition, both intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism and covert narcissism were related to disliking others. The findings suggest that intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism are based on personal self-aggrandizement, whereas intragroup expressions are based on personal self-transcendence. In addition, they suggest that narcissistic people have generally selfish and exploitative attitudes, even towards their own groups. They also emphasize the importance of investigating both ethnocentrism and narcissism as complex multidimensional constructs. 相似文献
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237.
W. Burleson Daviss Rasim S. Diler Boris Birmaher 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):857-871
Depression is a common, potentially devastating comorbidity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Various environmental adversities are well-described as correlates of depression in general pediatric populations, but not
in youth with ADHD. In 104 adolescents with ADHD, we examined potential environmental correlates of lifetime depression, including
trauma exposure, recent negative life events and current parent-child conflict, along with current and past ADHD severity
and current impairment. Controlling for demographic variables, comorbid disorders, and ADHD severity, we noted significant
associations between lifetime depression and environmental adversities, including victimization trauma, parent-child conflict,
and behaviorally-independent negative life events. Current impairment but not ADHD severity was also highly associated with
lifetime depression, controlling for the same covariates. Findings from this preliminary, cross-sectional study suggest that
environmental adversities and impairment in youth with ADHD should also be targeted along with the ADHD when contemplating
strategies to treat or prevent comorbid depression. 相似文献
238.
Boris Kotchoubey Jochen Kaiser Vladimir Bostanov Werner Lutzenberger Niels Birbaumer 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(2):153-167
A passive oddball experiment was used in which stimuli were emotional exclamations differing in their affective tone. In both
electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), deviants elicited an N300 component, sometimes accompanied
by a slow wave. Both components had a symmetrical distribution, but the former was more posterior than the latter. The same
responses to prosodic stimuli were significant in 6 of 27 patients with severe disorders of consciousness (persistent vegetative
state and minimally conscious state) and in all 3 of the examined locked-in patients, indicating that the procedure can be
applied for testing neurological patients. The occurrence of significant responses depended on the presence or absence of
a lesion to the right temporal lobe. Obviously, the N300 depends on the activity of the right temporal cortex but does not
originate there. We suggest that the component is related not to the recognition of affective prosody as such, but to the
following detection of affective mismatch due to violations of emotional context of stimulation. 相似文献
239.
Lindsey M. Young Boris B. Baltes Angela K. Pratt 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(4):511-539
Previous research has demonstrated that the use of general behaviors specified by a life-management strategy entitled Selection,
Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) reduces, if only to a small extent, the perceived amounts of the main antecedents (i.e.,
job/family stressors) of work-family conflict. The results of the current study demonstrate that several variables that impact
the amount of resources demanded of, or resources available to, an individual (e.g., supervisor support) moderate the relationship
between SOC behaviors and job/family stressors. Specifically, SOC strategies are more effective than previously thought at
reducing job/family stressors for precisely those individuals in the most demanding situations. 相似文献
240.
Benjamin A Toll Stephanie S O'Malley Nicole A Katulak Ran Wu Joel A Dubin Amy Latimer Boris Meandzija Tony P George Peter Jatlow Judith L Cooney Peter Salovey 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2007,21(4):534-544
Prospect theory suggests that because smoking cessation is a prevention behavior with a fairly certain outcome, gain-framed messages will be more persuasive than loss-framed messages when attempting to encourage smoking cessation. To test this hypothesis, the authors randomly assigned participants (N=258) in a clinical trial to either a gain- or loss-framed condition, in which they received factually equivalent video and printed messages encouraging smoking cessation that emphasized either the benefits of quitting (gains) or the costs of continuing to smoke (losses), respectively. All participants received open label sustained-release bupropion (300 mg/day) for 7 weeks. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the difference between the experimental groups by either point prevalence or continuous abstinence was not statistically significant. Among 170 treatment completers, however, a significantly higher proportion of participants were continuously abstinent in the gain-framed condition as compared with the loss-framed condition. These data suggest that gain-framed messages may be more persuasive than loss-framed messages in promoting early success in smoking cessation for participants who are engaged in treatment. 相似文献