L uke , H elen M. Kaleidoscope: The Way of Woman and Other Essays. P rétat , J ane R. Coming to Age: The Croning Years and Late-Life Transformation. R yce -M enuhin , J oel . (ed.). Jung and the Monotheisms: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. W hitmont , E dward C. The Alchemy of Healing: Psyche and Soma. H orowitz , M ardi J., K ernberg , O tto F. and W einshel , E dward M. (eds). Psychic Structure and Psychic Change: Essays in Honor of Robert S. Wallerstein, M.D. G oldman , D. In Search of the Real: The Origins and Originality of D. W. Winnicott. L angs , R obert . Empowered Psychotherapy: Teaching Self-Processing: A New Approach to the Human Psyche and Its Reintegration. R oazen , P aul . Meeting Freud's Family. 相似文献
Objective: This study aimed to explore medication adherence among adherent and non-adherent persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A special focus was put on the reasons accounting for successful medication adherence and on potential barriers or facilitating factors.
Design: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted. Eighteen participants were recruited through stratified purposive sampling according to their medication adherence level. Interviews were analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Results: Medication adherence behaviour was described on a continuum ranging from non-adherent to adherent. Participants’ current adherence level was represented as a result of inner negotiations between a variety of influential factors and the successful application of a range of strategies. The influential factors were: experiences with medication, outcome expectations, knowledge of therapeutic options, the traits ‘openness’ and ‘conscientiousness’, belief in medical progress, characteristics of the medication, level of trust in one’s physician, and perceived autonomy. Facilitating strategies were: establishing routines, using social support and the deliberate suppression of information about potential adverse events.
Conclusion: The experience of and the reasons for medication (non-)adherence from the perspective of people with RA were explored comprehensively. Participants’ ongoing negotiations between adherence and non-adherence emerged as a key finding with implications for health service providers. 相似文献
In this study, we focus on mental speed and divergent thinking, examining their relationship and the influence of task speededness. Participants (N =109) completed a set of processing speed tasks and a test battery measuring divergent thinking. We used two speeded divergent-thinking tasks of 2 minutes and two unspeeded tasks of 8 minutes to test the influence of task speededness on creative quality and their relation to mental speed. Before each task, participants were instructed to be creative in order to optimally measure creative quality. We found a large main effect of task speededness: less creative ideas were generated when tasks were speeded as compared to unspeeded (Cohen's d = −1.64). We could also replicate a positive relationship of mental speed with speeded divergent thinking (r =.21) and mental speed with unspeeded divergent thinking (r =.25). Our hypothesis that the relation is higher for the speeded divergent-thinking tasks was not confirmed. Importantly, variation in creative quality scores under speeded conditions was not explained by mental speed beyond the predictive power of unspeeded creative quality. The latter finding implies that measurement of creative quality under speeded conditions is not confounded by mental speed. 相似文献
In choice reaction time tasks, subjects speed up before making an error, but slow down afterward to prevent the occurrence
of a new error. In some trials, the correct response is preceded by an incorrect electromyographic (EMG) activation too small
to reach the response threshold. In this article, we show that these incorrect EMG activations give rise to the same sequential
effects as overt errors: Before a trial containing an incorrect EMG activation, subjects speed up, whereas after that trial,
they slow down. These activations reflect errors that have been detected, inhibited, and corrected in time. As such, they
index the involvement of online executive control. 相似文献
Word frequency is the most important variable in research on word processing and memory. Yet, the main criterion for selecting
word frequency norms has been the availability of the measure, rather than its quality. As a result, much research is still
based on the old Kučera and Francis frequency norms. By using the lexical decision times of recently published megastudies,
we show how bad this measure is and what must be done to improve it. In particular, we investigated the size of the corpus,
the language register on which the corpus is based, and the definition of the frequency measure. We observed that corpus size
is of practical importance for small sizes (depending on the frequency of the word), but not for sizes above 16–30 million
words. As for the language register, we found that frequencies based on television and film subtitles are better than frequencies
based on written sources, certainly for the monosyllabic and bisyllabic words used in psycholinguistic research. Finally,
we found that lemma frequencies are not superior to word form frequencies in English and that a measure of contextual diversity
is better than a measure based on raw frequency of occurrence. Part of the superiority of the latter is due to the words that
are frequently used as names. Assembling a new frequency norm on the basis of these considerations turned out to predict word
processing times much better than did the existing norms (including Kučera & Francis and Celex). The new SUBTL frequency norms
from the SUBTLEXUS corpus are freely available for research purposes from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental,
as well as from the University of Ghent and Lexique Web sites. 相似文献
Time is essential to speech. The duration of speech segments plays a critical role in the perceptual identification of these segments, and therefore in that of spoken words. Here, using a French word identification task, we show that vowels are perceived as shorter when attention is divided between two tasks, as compared to a single task control condition. This temporal underestimation pattern is consistent with attentional models of timing and hence demonstrates that vowel duration is explicitly estimated using a central general-purpose timer. 相似文献
Scoring divergent‐thinking response sets has always been challenging because such responses are not only open‐ended in terms of number of ideas, but each idea may also be expressed by a varying number of concepts and, thus, by a varying number of words (elaboration). While many current studies have attempted to score the semantic distance in divergent‐thinking responses by applying latent semantic analysis (LSA), it is known from other areas of research that LSA‐based approaches are biased according to the number of words in a response. Thus, the current article aimed to identify and demonstrate this elaboration bias in LSA‐based divergent‐thinking scores by means of a simulation. In addition, we show that this elaboration bias can be reduced by removing the stop words (for example, and, or, for and so forth) prior to analysis. Furthermore, the residual bias after stop word removal can be reduced by simulation‐based corrections. Finally, we give an empirical illustration for alternate uses and consequences tasks. Results suggest that when both stop word removal and simulation‐based bias correction are applied, convergent validity should be expected to be highest. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of attachment styles among single and coupled participants (N = 632) in the associations between sexual self‐concept (sexual self‐esteem, sexual depression, and sexual preoccupation) and sexual satisfaction. The results indicated lower sexual self‐esteem and sexual satisfaction and higher sexual depression and avoidant attachment among singles, as compared to coupled participants. Furthermore, in coupled participants (securely, anxiously, and avoidantly attached), sexual self‐esteem and sexual depression were predictors of sexual satisfaction. Among securely, fearfully, and avoidantly attached singles, sexual self‐esteem was a predictor of sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was also predicted by sexual preoccupation among avoidantly attached singles. Finally, the only predictor of sexual satisfaction among anxiously attached singles was sexual depression. 相似文献