品牌名称暗示性对消费者决策选择的影响：认知需要和专业化水平的调节作用

品牌管理者最首要的决策就是选择一个好记的或有意义的品牌名字。由于任何特征的品牌名字都必须借助消费者的认知差异来实现真正的差异化, 因此, 从消费者认知特点出发研究暗示性品牌名字就显得尤为重要和有意义。本文通过3个实验, 分别验证了消费者认知需要和专业化水平对品牌名称暗示性与决策选择的调节作用。方差分析发现：低专业化水平的消费者更倾向于根据暗示性的品牌名字做出决策, 而高专业化水平的消费者则不受品牌名称暗示程度的影响。此外, 低认知需要的消费者比较喜欢暗示性的品牌名字, 而对于高认知需要的消费者来说, 品牌名字的暗示性程度不会对其决策过程产生影响。最后, 研究结果揭示了专业化水平和认知需要对暗示性品牌名字效果发挥具有交互作用。对于具有高专业化水平的消费者来说, 无论他们处于低认知需要还是高认知需要, 品牌名字的暗示程度都不会影响他们的态度形成。相反地,对于具有低专业化水平的消费者来说, 无论是低认知需要还是高认知需要均倾向于暗示性的品牌名字。而对于专业化程度中等的消费者而言, 暗示性品牌名字效用的发挥则取决于其处理信息的动机—认知需要水平。     

广告作品评价系统的心理学研究

本研究从1990年至1991年,在全国许多城市对消费者的电视和报纸广告作品的一般性评价进行了调查,分别获得了五至六个基本评价因素:可信度、吸引力、适合度、感染力、认知力和必要信息;通过控制试验,又获得了它们的相对重视度和广告作品评价的数学模型: B=∑a_k ·r_(kj)     

Correlates of Suicidal Ideation in Physically Injured Trauma Survivors

Epidemiologic studies have documented that injury survivors are at increased risk for suicide. We evaluated 206 trauma survivors to examine demographic, clinical, and injury characteristics associated with suicidal ideation during hospitalization and across 1 year. Results indicate that mental health functioning, depression symptoms, and history of mental health services were associated with suicidal ideation in the hospital; being a parent was a protective factor. Pre‐injury posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, assaultive injury mechanism, injury‐related legal proceedings, and physical pain were significantly associated with suicidal ideation across 1 year. Readily identifiable risk factors early after traumatic injury may inform hospital‐based screening and intervention procedures.     

Learning strategy selection in the water maze and hippocampal CREB phosphorylation differ in two inbred strains of mice

Learning strategy selection was assessed in two different inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6 and DBA/2, which are used for developing genetically modified mouse models. Male mice received a training protocol in a water maze using alternating blocks of visible and hidden platform trials, during which mice escaped to a single location. After training, mice were required to choose between the spatial location where the platform had been during training (a place strategy) and a visible platform presented in a new location (a cued/response strategy). Both strains of mice had similar escape performance on the visible and hidden platform trials during training. However, in the strategy preference test, C57BL/6 mice selected a place strategy significantly more often than DBA/2 mice. Because much evidence implicates the hippocampus and striatum as important neural substrates for spatial/place and cued/response learning, respectively, the engagement of the hippocampus was then assessed after either place or cue training by determining levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) in these two mouse strains. Results revealed that hippocampal CREB levels in both strains of mice were significantly increased after place in comparison to cued training. However, the relation of hippocampal pCREB levels to training was strain dependent; pCREB was significantly higher in C57BL/6 mice than in DBA/2 mice after place training, while hippocampal pCREB levels did not differ between strains after cued training. These findings indicate that pCREB, specifically associated with place/spatial training, is closely tied to differences in spatial/place strategy preference between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.     

心灵观念的祛魅

通过一项疫苗临床试验国际合作项目的实施,讨论了如何在科学研究中贯彻落实GCP。结果表明,ICH提出的13项GCP指导原则在疫苗临床试验中得到了充分的实施。GCP不仅是临床试验的管理和指导原则,同时也保护研究对象的权利、保证资料的可信和自觉遵守标准操作程序（SOP）的意识。     

语素意识、语音意识和快速命名在学前儿童言语能力发展中的预测作用:来自追踪研究的证据*

为探讨语素意识、语音意识和快速命名三种认知技能对汉语儿童口语词汇、汉字识别和阅读理解等言语能力发展的预测作用,本研究对74名学前儿童进行了一年半的追踪测查,结果发现:(1) 学前儿童的各项认知技能和言语能力随时间均有显著提高;(2)在控制了因变量的自回归效应和其他两种认知技能后,语音意识对一年半后的口语词汇成绩仍有独特的解释作用,快速命名能预测一年半后的汉字识别成绩,而语素意识是解释一年半后儿童汉字识别和阅读理解能力发展的重要变量。     

执业医师执业权利内容概论

执业权是执业医师享有的法定权利之一,但对执业权的具体内容尚缺乏较为系统的研究与认定.首次提出并论述执业权应该包括诊断权、治疗权、处方权、证明权、疾病调查与身体检查权、死亡确认权、终止治疗权等七项权利.     

试论医生医疗工作归因

借鉴目前归因理论研究的成果,重点探讨了医生医疗工作归因的含义、结构、作用及方法,提出医生应学会对自己医疗工作中的成败进行合理的归因,自觉地总结经验、汲取教训,不断取得医学事业上的成功.