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21.
James?D.?ChurchillEmail author Jennifer?L.?Gerson Kendra?A.?Hinton Jennifer?L.?Mifek Michael?J.?Walter Cynthia?L.?Winslow Richard?A.?Deyo 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(3):178-187
Previous studies have shown that crude ginseng extracts enhance performance on shock-motivated tasks. Whether such performance
enhancements are due to memory-enhancing (nootropic) properties of ginseng, or to other non-specific effects such as an influence
on anxiety has not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated both the nootropic and anxiolytic effects of the ginseng
saponin Rb1. In the first experiment, 80 five-day-old male chicks received intraperitoneal injections of 0, 0.25, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg Rb1. Performance on a visual discrimination task was uvaluted 15 minutes, 24 and 72 hours later. Acquisition of a visual discrimination
task was unaffected by drug treatment, but the number of errors was significantly reduced in the 0.25 mg/kg group during retention
trials completed 24 and 72 hours after injection. Animals receiving higher dosages showed trends towards enhancement initially,
but demonstrated impaired performance when tested 72 hours later. Rb1 had no effect on response rates or body weight. In the second experiment, 64 five-day-old male chicks received similar injections
of Rb1 (0, 0.25, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) and separation distress was evaluated 15 minutes, 24 and 72 hours later. Rb1 produced a change in separation distress that depended on the dose and environmental condition under which distress was recorded.
These data suggest that Rb1 can improve memory for a visual discrimination task and that the nootropic effect may be related to changes in anxiety. 相似文献
22.
Learning multiple layers of representation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hinton GE 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2007,11(10):428-434
To achieve its impressive performance in tasks such as speech perception or object recognition, the brain extracts multiple levels of representation from the sensory input. Backpropagation was the first computationally efficient model of how neural networks could learn multiple layers of representation, but it required labeled training data and it did not work well in deep networks. The limitations of backpropagation learning can now be overcome by using multilayer neural networks that contain top-down connections and training them to generate sensory data rather than to classify it. Learning multilayer generative models might seem difficult, but a recent discovery makes it easy to learn nonlinear distributed representations one layer at a time. 相似文献
23.
Hinton L 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2007,52(4):433-447
The 'black hole' is a signifier that pervades contemporary experience, conveying the 'gaps' and 'voids' in Western culture and psyche. Depth psychology stemmed from the growing uncanniness of city and psychic spaces during the 19(th) century. There was an emerging fascination with the 'dark Thing'--the 'It' of many names. Like a pandemic, depictions of the 'black hole' experience have continually emerged in the tragic events and cultural malaise of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Art, philosophy, science, psychoanalysis, literature, and cultural studies have variously articulated this frighteningly potent, yet endlessly elusive signifier. A many-sided, dialogical process best provides acquaintance with such a complex phenomenon. Multiple examples and perspectives, as well a detailed case study, will delineate some of its dimensions. They will show that such 'black hole' encounters are not merely negative, but are often the enigmatic source of new awareness and creation. 相似文献
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J.M. Hinton 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(1-4):313-316
The statement, that these or those philosophers do not accept the distinction between what is, and what is not, ‘given’ in perception, has very little content; and should receive only a corresponding degree of emphasis. 相似文献
28.
Hinton L 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2011,56(3):381-385
29.
Pamela W. Garner Tiffany Stowe Hinton 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(6):480-496
We explored linkages among different components of emotional competence and bullying and victimization in children enrolled in community after school programs. Seventy‐seven children were recruited from after school programs and their display rule knowledge for sadness and anger was evaluated. Their emotion self‐regulation skills and bullying experiences were also assessed. Knowledge of display rules for sadness was a negative predictor of physical victimization whereas emotional lability/negativity was positively related to bullying. Boys bullied more than girls and family income was negatively related to bullying and emotional lability/negativity and positively associated with emotion self‐regulation. Emotion self‐regulation mediated the relation between family income and bullying. Analyses also suggested that bullies and bully‐victims had poorer emotion self‐regulation skills than non‐bullies/victims or victims. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
Relationships Between Body-Shape Discrepancies With Favored Celebrities and Disordered Eating in Young Women 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Louise Shorter Stephen L. Brown Stephanie J. Quinton Louise Hinton 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(5):1364-1377
Disordered eating is linked to body shapes and images presented in the mass media. Favored celebrities may represent a particularly strong source of influence. We examined cross-sectional relationships between women's disordered eating and their perceptions of body-shape differences with favored celebrities. Women between the ages of 18 and 27 rated personal body shapes alongside those of self-selected favored celebrities. Multivariate analyses showed self/celebrity body-shape discrepancies to be linked to EAT-26 diet, bulimia, and oral control scales independent of personal body-shape and self/ideal discrepancies. For bulimia subscale scores, this relationship was moderated by a more favorable perception of the celebrity relative to the self. Celebrities might be important in creating an unrealistic social comparison standard that contributes to disordered eating. 相似文献