The effects of environmental change on chicks' responses to a familiar stimulus

The purpose of the present experiments was to explore chicks' proximity seeking behaviour in relation to imprinting objects in unfamiliar settings. Experiment I showed that chicks, which were individually imprinted on a stationary imprinting object, displayed reduced proximity seeking behaviour when tested in a pen smaller than the rearing pen. This finding confirmed earlier work on the effects of changed pen size. Experiment II used continuous and intermittent noise rearing and testing conditions, in all possible combinations, and a stationary imprinting object. Increased proximity seeking was found in conditions where the auditory environment was changed from rearing to testing, a result apparently opposite to that obtained in earlier work. It is suggested that the effect of environmental change on proximity seeking may vary with the modality in which change occurs and the salience of the imprinting object.     

On deriving aspectual sense

In his recent article “Verbs, Time and Modality,” M. J. Steedman (1977) proposes a recursive scheme for identifying the aspectual character of a proposition. The purpose of this squib is to point out some faults and gaps in that account that may suggest some interesting directions for future research.     

Perceptions of Major Roles by College Students

This study concerns women's and men's perceptions of five roles and role combinations: worker, spouse, parent, worker-spouse, and worker-parent. Undergraduates wrote stories to relevant projective cues. A variation of the Thematic Apperception Test was used. Protocols were coded for degree of (a) conflict, (b) positive outcome, and (c) positive affect, with inter-rater agreement at least 77% for each category. Sex and role differences were analyzed. Results indicate minimal sex differences. The tentative nature of the results is stressed.     

Prevention of anxiety disorders: A model for intervention

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of all psychological disorders and are potentially amenable to early intervention and prevention. In this article, we review the various costs associated with anxiety disorders that make early prevention a valuable endeavor. Also, we considered extant data regarding risk factors for anxiety disorders, as knowledge of risk factors permits the targeting of a select group of the population considered to be most likely to develop anxiety disorders. Existing efficacy research on prevention for anxiety disorders is promising, but an overarching model to guide further research and development is lacking. We propose such models to guide high-risk sample selection including the content and format of prevention efforts.