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301.
Ian M. Shochet Beth R. Saggers Suzanne B. Carrington Jayne A. Orr Astrid M. Wurfl Bonnie M. Duncan Coral L. Smith 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2016,19(2):94-116
Despite an increased risk of mental health problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is limited research on effective prevention approaches for this population. Funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism, a theoretically and empirically supported school-based preventative model has been developed to alter the negative trajectory and promote wellbeing and positive mental health in adolescents with ASD. This conceptual paper provides the rationale, theoretical, empirical and methodological framework of a multilayered intervention targeting the school, parents and adolescents on the spectrum. Two important interrelated protective factors have been identified in community adolescent samples, namely the sense of belonging (connectedness) to school and the capacity for self and affect regulation in the face of stress (i.e. resilience). We describe how a confluence of theories from social psychology, developmental psychology and family systems theory, along with empirical evidence (including emerging neurobiological evidence), supports the interrelationships between these protective factors and many indices of wellbeing. However, the characteristics of ASD (including social and communication difficulties, and frequently difficulties with changes and transitions, and diminished optimism and self-esteem) impair access to these vital protective factors. The paper describes how evidence-based interventions at the school level for promoting inclusive schools (using the Index for Inclusion) and interventions for adolescents and parents to promote resilience and belonging [using the Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP)] are adapted and integrated for adolescents with ASD. This multisite proof-of-concept study will confirm whether this multilevel school-based intervention is promising, feasible and sustainable. 相似文献
302.
303.
A new program, called PROXIMITY, was created as a tool for proximity calculation and to update and expand upon Kirste and Monge’s (1983) PROXTIME program. The purpose of PROXIMITY is to calculate the fluctuating proximity between individuals within organizations. PROXIMITY provides output for three types of relationships: (1) an overall organizational proximity, (2) pairwise proximity between individuals, and (3) individual proximity to multiple others. PROXIMITY also updates some of PROXTIME’s features such as the computer platform, the type of data the program can handle, and the form of output available. 相似文献
304.
Bonnie T. Zima Regina Bussing Stephanny Freeman Xiaowei Yang Thomas R. Belin Steven R. Forness 《Journal of child and family studies》2000,9(1):87-103
We describe the level of behavior problems, academic skill delays, and school failure among school-aged children in foster care. We also examine how behavior problems are associated with academic problems, and explore how these outcomes are related to children's placement characteristics. Foster parent and child home interviews, as well as teacher telephone interviews were conducted from a randomly selected sample of 302 children aged 6 through 12 years living in out-of-home placement. Interviews included standardized screening measures. Results showed that 27% of the children scored in the clinical range for a behavior problem, and 34% were rated as having at least one behavior problem in the classroom. Twenty-three percent of the children had severe delays in reading or math, 13% had repeated a grade, and 14% had a history of school suspension and/or expulsion. Behavior problems by foster parent report were related to child suspension and/or expulsion from school, but were not associated with severe academic delays or grade retention. Placement characteristics were only sometimes related to these outcomes. Future studies examining the mental health and educational needs of this population should take into account the child's sociodemographic and placement characteristics. 相似文献
305.
Litowitz BE 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2007,55(4):1129-1149
Unlike third-person sciences, psychoanalysis is the science of the second person. Briefly tracing the history of our focus on a second person, this paper contrasts two different approaches--the dyadic and the dialogic, proposing the latter as the better model for our field and the one that marks our unique contribution to other disciplines. 相似文献
306.
Megan E. Ames Bonnie J. Leadbeater Gabriel J. Merrin Kara Thompson 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(1):1-12
We examine how trajectories of marijuana use in Canadian youth (ages 15 to 28) are related to physical health indicators in adolescence and young adulthood. Youth were initially recruited in 2003 (N = 662; 48% male; ages 12 to 18) and followed for six waves. Five trajectories of marijuana use (Abstainers-29%, Occasional users-27%, Decreasers-14%, Increasers-20% and Chronic users-11%) were identified. Chronic users reported more physical symptoms, poorer physical self-concept, less physical activity, poorer eating practices, less sleep, and higher number of sexual partners during adolescence than other classes. Decreasers also reported poorer physical self-concept and poorer eating practices than abstainers. Other trajectory classes showed few significant health problems. Chronic users also reported more acute health problems (i.e. serious injuries, early sexual debut, higher number of sexual partners, greater likelihood of having a STI) in young adulthood than all other classes contributing to costs of healthcare. Youth who engage in early, frequent and continued use of marijuana from adolescence to young adulthood are at-risk of physical health problems in adolescence and young adulthood. 相似文献
307.
Michael L. Bloomquist Jason L. Horowitz Gerald J. August Chih-Yuan S. Lee George M. Realmuto Bonnie Klimes-Dougan 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(6):710-718
We examined parent participation in the context of a going-to-scale implementation trial of the evidence-based, multi-component
Early Risers conduct problems prevention program. In this study we examine the participation of parents in two parent/family-focused
components of Early Risers that were delivered over 2 years across 21 rural school sites with 155 primarily Caucasian families.
One component is a standardized “Parent Skills” curriculum delivered at participating schools and the second component delivers
“Family Support” via tailored case management services through school and non-school site contacts. The study examines predictors
of parent participation for each parent-focused component using multilevel modeling analyses. Previous research is extended
by examining parent participation within the context of a going-to-scale trial and by looking at a broader array of child/parent/family
and implementation context predictors. Parent participation in Parent Skills is predicted by higher level of parent’s frustration
in parent–child relationships, while their participation in Family Support is related to lower family income. Implementers
with higher previous work experience with children/families and lower education levels, as well as those manifesting more
extroverted and less agreeable personality characteristics, elicit more participation in Parent Skills. Greater participation
in Family Support is also predicted by lower levels of implementer neuroticism. Finally, implementers who achieve higher quality
of delivery fidelity have greater participation in Parent Skills and a lower level of adherence fidelity predicts more participation
in Family Support. The results are discussed within the context of going-to-scale service provision and in terms of implications
for future prevention efforts. 相似文献
308.
An individual’s foraging activity can be influenced by the choices made by nearby conspecifics. The interest shown in the
location and characteristics of a feeding patch may depend on the feeding success of a conspecific there, a process that needs
to be distinguished from choices guided by rewards to the observer itself. We investigated how rewards for both self and others
influence the foraging choices of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Thirteen adult capuchins observed familiar female conspecific models explore one of three opaque boxes under three conditions.
In the first, there were no rewards available to either monkey; in the second, rewards were available to the model only; and
in the third, both monkeys could retrieve a reward. Under all conditions, subjects more often explored the same box as the
model than was expected by chance. Thus, without ever receiving a reward themselves or without seeing another receive rewards,
subjects’ searches were directed at the box explored by another monkey. The tendency to match the model’s choice increased
if the subject was rewarded. We compared these results to control conditions in which the model was either absent, or present
but not allowed to demonstrate. Subjects’ located the reward less often in control conditions, than in the experimental conditions.
We conclude that extrinsic rewards, while helpful, are not required for partners to influence the foraging choices of capuchins,
and that the unrewarded copying of foraging choices demonstrated here may provide the basis for additional social influences
on learning.
This contribution is part of the Special Issue “A Socioecological Perspective on Primate Cognition” (Cunningham and Janson
2007) 相似文献
309.
Hatchett BF Miller JB Holmes KY Solomon RV 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2007,61(1-2):39-46
The role of the minister or pastor is pivotal in the development and operation of church-based services and programs and in the delivery of services. They can initiate changes and can equip the officers and members so that families troubled by substance abuse issues can find a climate of acceptance, understanding, and recovery in the local congregation. They can also serve as a referral source to members of the mental health professionals for assistance with alcohol and other substance abuse problems. For our purposes in this article, the term "clergy" refers to congregational and parish clergy. The focus of this discussion pertains to the role of clergy in providing assistance for members of their congregations with substance abuse problems. Implications and recommendations for collaborations and specific resources are also included that may increase the awareness of those issues and to increase effectiveness of service to those needing it. 相似文献
310.