Enhanced learning of natural visual sequences in newborn chicks

To what extent are newborn brains designed to operate over natural visual input? To address this question, we used a high-throughput controlled-rearing method to examine whether newborn chicks (Gallus gallus) show enhanced learning of natural visual sequences at the onset of vision. We took the same set of images and grouped them into either natural sequences (i.e., sequences showing different viewpoints of the same real-world object) or unnatural sequences (i.e., sequences showing different images of different real-world objects). When raised in virtual worlds containing natural sequences, newborn chicks developed the ability to recognize familiar images of objects. Conversely, when raised in virtual worlds containing unnatural sequences, newborn chicks’ object recognition abilities were severely impaired. In fact, the majority of the chicks raised with the unnatural sequences failed to recognize familiar images of objects despite acquiring over 100 h of visual experience with those images. Thus, newborn chicks show enhanced learning of natural visual sequences at the onset of vision. These results indicate that newborn brains are designed to operate over natural visual input.     

The Role of Maturity in the Cognitions that Govern Love Relationships and Sexual Satisfaction

This article discusses the Stage Climbing model, a cognitive behavioral therapy based system designed to identify the beliefs and attitudes typical of different developmental life stages that may explain or identify obstacles to resolving present day relationship issues. We suggest that self-defeating beliefs and behaviors characteristic of dysfunctional couples give evidence of one or both partners operating from a stage of development or level of maturity in that aspect of the relationship that is different from what would be optimal given their presenting issues and therapeutic goals.     

Failures,Fathers, and Fetal Fortunes: Reply to Commentaries by Avgi Saketopoulou and Jeanne Wolff Bernstein

This reply focuses on three themes highlighted in discussions by Avgi Saketopoulou and Jeanne Wolff Bernstein: “failure” in working with severely disturbed individuals, the structural fragility born of the ablation of the paternal, and Nina Farhi's notion of “annealed identifications.”