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191.
The Habitat Program at Wood’s Homes, Calgary, Alberta, is an eight bed residential treatment program for conduct-disordered
youth who have been exposed or subjected to high levels of violence in their family home. The program was based on the assumption
that working effectively with such youth requires consideration of the background experiences of family violence, yet traditional
treatment models often ignore or minimize the importance of these experiences. We present a clinical model which incorporates
aspects of milieu treatment, relationship-based daily interventions and elements of Jenkins’ invitational approach to working
with men and boys who use violence as well as Wade’s response-based approach to counseling with victims and perpetrators of
violence. The model also incorporates ideas based on Maruna’s research into recidivism and excuse-making. The purpose of the
model is twofold: to be broad enough to structure an overall treatment strategy based on the assumption that successful treatment
results from the cumulative effect of many interactions over time, and to be specific enough to guide staff in developing
strategies for specific situations that typically arise in daily interaction with the youth. We use a case example format
to illustrate how staff has utilized the model to engage youth in exploring both their experiences of violence in the family
home and in developing new ways of thinking and talking about behavioural choices. 相似文献
192.
Kristen K. Ellard Christopher P. Fairholme Christina L. Boisseau Todd J. Farchione David H. Barlow 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(1):88-101
The Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic, emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment developed to be applicable across the emotional disorders. The UP consists of 4 core modules: increasing emotional awareness, facilitating flexibility in appraisals, identifying and preventing behavioral and emotional avoidance, and situational and interoceptive exposure to emotion cues. Here we present data from 2 open clinical trials. In the first trial, an initial version of the UP was administered to a heterogeneous clinical sample, yielding significant pre- to posttreatment effects across disorders on a variety of measures. Analyses of clinical significance demonstrated modest results, with 56% of participants achieving responder status and 33% achieving high end-state functioning. Further manual development ensued, resulting in specific modifications and enhancements to core treatment components, and a second trial presents data from an additional pilot study of this revised version of the UP. Results from this trial demonstrated more robust treatment effects, with 73% achieving responder status and 60% achieving high end-state functioning. Results improved further at 6-month follow-up, with 85% classified as treatment responders and 69% achieving high end-state functioning. Implications for the treatment of emotional disorders as well as dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology are discussed. 相似文献
193.
194.
We comment on work by Ginges, Hansen, and Norenzayan (2009), in which they compare two hypotheses for predicting individual support for suicide terrorism: the religious-belief hypothesis and the coalitional-commitment hypothesis. Although we appreciate the evidence provided in support of the coalitional-commitment hypothesis, we argue that their method of testing the religious-belief hypothesis is conceptually flawed, thus calling into question their conclusion that the religious-belief hypothesis has been disconfirmed. In addition to critiquing the methodology implemented by Ginges et al., we provide suggestions on how the religious-belief hypothesis may be properly tested. It is possible that the premature and unwarranted conclusions reached by Ginges et al. may deter researchers from examining the effect of specific religious beliefs on support for terrorism, and we hope that our comments can mitigate this possibility. 相似文献
195.
The psychometric soundness of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS; Mayville, Williamson, White, Netemeyer, & Drab, 2002), a measure of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, was investigated using two independent online samples of Irish and British men (ns = 307 and 306, respectively). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that, compared to the original 5-component solution for the 19-item MASS, a 6-item unidimensional version offered better fit to the data. Findings further upheld the internal consistency reliability, construct validity (e.g., via its associations with internalization of the muscular ideal and physical appearance comparisons), and discriminant validity (e.g., via its nonsignificant relationship with social desirability) of the MASS's scores. The limitations associated with the current research are discussed and directions for future research are articulated. 相似文献
196.
Cain S. Todd 《国际科学哲学研究》2008,22(1):61-79
In this article I examine the status of putative aesthetic judgements in science and mathematics. I argue that if the judgements at issue are taken to be genuinely aesthetic they can be divided into two types, positing either a disjunction or connection between aesthetic and epistemic criteria in theory/proof assessment. I show that both types of claim face serious difficulties in explaining the purported role of aesthetic judgements in these areas. I claim that the best current explanation of this role, McAllister's ‘aesthetic induction’ model, fails to demonstrate that the judgements at issue are genuinely aesthetic. I argue that, in light of these considerations, there are strong reasons for suspecting that many, and perhaps all, of the supposedly aesthetic claims are not genuinely aesthetic but are in fact ‘masked’ epistemic assessments. 相似文献
197.
This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural predictors of body dissatisfaction implicated in Western studies
extend to the prediction of physical appearance concerns among young women and adolescent girls in Southwest China. In Study
1, 408 Chinese university-age women completed measures of fatness concern (FC), facial appearance concerns (FAC), sociocultural
influence (i.e., appearance pressure, comparison, teasing), and demographics. In hierarchical regression analyses, appearance
pressure and comparison predicted both FC and FAC, independent of other factors. In Study 2, effects of appearance pressure
and comparison were replicated among middle school (n = 346) and high school (n = 563) girls. Together, findings suggest that appearance pressure and social comparison correspond with specific body image
concerns of young females in China. 相似文献
198.
A questionnaire about how academic performance is evaluated and the importance of teaching and research was completed by 265 faculty at a UK research university. Factor analysis followed by t-tests showed that male faculty had a more realistic understanding of how their research is evaluated, rate the importance of research to their careers more highly, and are more likely than women to work over hours through choice. Women faculty are more likely than men to work over hours because of teaching workload and rate the importance of a teaching qualification more highly, despite giving similar ratings as men to the importance of teaching to their career. The implications for differential rates of promotion are discussed. 相似文献
199.
A decrease in conjunction error rates across lags on a continuous recognition task: a robust pattern
In four experiments, the lag retention interval from parent words (e.g., blackmail, jailbird) to a conjunction word (blackbird) was manipulated in a continuous recognition task. Alterations to the basic procedure of Jones and Atchley (2002) were employed in Experiments 1 and 2 to bolster recollection to reject conjunction lures, yet conjunction error rates still decreased across lags of 1 to 20 words. Experiment 3 and a multiexperiment analysis examined the increments of forgetting in familiarity across lags of 1-20 words. Finally, in Experiment 4, participants attempted to identify conjunction probes as "old", and the data were contrasted with those from a previous experiment (Jones & Atchley, 2002, Exp. 1), in which participants attempted not to identify conjunction probes as "old". In support of earlier findings, the decrease in familiarity across lags of 1-20 words appears robust, with a constant level of weak recollection occurring for parent words. 相似文献
200.