视觉工作记忆中的储存单位--特征还是客体?

视觉工作记忆中存储的基本单位是客体还是特征,目前尚无定论。本实验试图进一步探索这一问题。被试为30名大学生。实验1的条件是:颜色特征数不同,客体总数相同。实验2的条件是:颜色特征数相同,客体总数不同。结果表明:在记忆由同一属性的特征组成的客体时,视觉工作记忆存储的基本单位是特征。     

家庭暴力的社会认知心理机制及其防范策略的研究

家庭暴力已成为一个世界性的社会问题,然而我国学者对家庭暴力的研究多集中在现象的描述,原因的探讨和完善立法等方面,因而从社会心理学角度探究家庭暴力的认知机制对揭示家庭暴力的实质具有重要意义。心理学研究指出家庭暴力的产生及其对子女的影响而导致的暴力轮回都是认知结构上的偏差所导致,所以从改变认知结构入手的认知行为疗法将是防止家庭暴力的直接和有效的策略。     

Lexical effects on compensation for coarticulation: a tale of two systems?

We reply to McQueen's commentary by comparing the parsimony of his account of relevant data and the computational model he favors with the explanation and model we favor. His account requires multiple independent explanations and mechanisms. Ours requires one: lexical feedback.     

巴布宗教思想述要溯源

伊朗近代历史上的巴布运动是一次有影响的宗教改革运动。运动虽以失败告终,但作为先驱者,巴布在力主改革、发展、创新过程中,为其后兴起的巴哈伊教信仰体系提供了一个框架。无论后人如何评价巴布,但从宗教传承角度看,没有巴布运动就没有今天的巴哈伊教。深入研究、客观公正地评价当年的巴布运动,是正确理解和解释巴哈伊教前史的基本前提和历史要求。本文着重从三个层面梳理巴布的宗教思想。     

Developing agency through good work: Longitudinal effects of job autonomy and skill utilization on locus of control

An internal locus of control has benefits for individuals across multiple life domains. Nevertheless, whether it is possible to enhance an individual's internal locus of control has rarely been considered. The authors propose that the presence of job autonomy and skill utilization in work can enhance internal locus of control, both directly and indirectly via job satisfaction. Three waves of data over a four-year period from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (N = 3045) were analyzed. Results showed that job autonomy directly shaped internal locus of control over time, as did job satisfaction. Skill utilization did not play a role in terms of affecting locus of control, and the indirect effects of both job autonomy and skill utilization via job satisfaction were weak. This study suggests the importance of job autonomy in promoting the development of an employee's internal locus of control.     

Reach out to one and you reach out to many: Social touch affects third‐party observers

Casual social touch influences emotional perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of interaction partners. We asked whether these influences extend to third‐party observers. To this end, we developed the Social Touch Picture Set comprising line drawings of dyadic interactions, half of which entailed publicly acceptable casual touch and half of which served as no‐touch controls. In Experiment 1, participants provided basic image norms by rating how frequently they observed a displayed touch gesture in everyday life and how comfortable they were observing it. Results implied that some touch gestures were observed more frequently and with greater comfort than others (e.g., handshake vs. hug). All gestures, however, obtained rating scores suitable for inclusion in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, participants rated perceived valence, arousal, and likeability of randomly presented touch and no‐touch images without being explicitly informed about touch. Image characters seemed more positive, aroused, and likeable when they touched as compared to when they did not touch. Image characters seemed more negative and aroused, but were equally likeable, when they received touch as compared to when there was no physical contact. In Experiment 3, participants passively viewed touch and no‐touch images while their eye movements were recorded. Differential gazing at touch as compared to no‐touch images emerged within the first 500 ms following image exposure and was largely restricted to the characters' upper body. Gazing at the touching body parts (e.g., hands) was minimal and largely unaffected by touch, suggesting that touch processing occurred outside the focus of visual attention. Together, these findings establish touch as an important visual cue and provide novel insights into how this cue modulates socio‐emotional processing in third‐party observers.     

The General Factor of Personality (GFP) and Vocational Interests: a Test of Social Effectiveness at the Behavioral and Genetic Level

Journal of Business and Psychology - Previous studies have examined how personality models (e.g., Big Five, HEXACO) relate to vocational interests. We adopt a novel approach by testing the...     

道“阻”且“长”:通勤压力对工作的溢出效应

通勤压力作为一种新型压力源,近年来逐渐成为组织管理领域的前沿话题。通勤压力是指个体在通勤过程中所遭遇的压力事件以及所产生的紧张反应,它对员工的工作态度、工作状态以及工作行为均会产生一定的负面影响,影响强度取决于员工的个人特征、家庭压力以及所处的工作情境。资源保存理论和控制理论是解释通勤压力消极影响的主要理论。未来研究可进一步完善测量工具,考察不同通勤模式的差异化影响效应,丰富边界机制等。