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171.
Bob Plant 《Metaphilosophy》2017,48(1-2):3-24
This article argues for four interrelated claims: (i) Metaphilosophy is not one sub‐discipline of philosophy, nor is it restricted to questions of methodology. Rather, metaphilosophical inquiry encompasses the general background conditions of philosophical practice. (ii) These background conditions are of various sorts, not only those routinely considered “philosophical” but also those considered biographical, historical, and sociological. Accordingly, we should be wary of the customary distinction between what is proper (internal) and merely contingent (external) to philosophy. (iii) “What is philosophy?” is best understood as a practical question concerning how members of different philosophical sub‐communities identify what is pertinent to their respective activities and self‐conceptions. (iv) Given (i)–(iii), understanding what philosophy is requires us to take more seriously the social‐institutional dimension of contemporary philosophical practice. 相似文献
172.
Previous studies suggest that perceived stigmatization of sexual minority status, ethnicity, and age are associated with negative mental health outcomes, and other studies suggest that coping styles may influence these outcomes. However, no studies have examined these relationships among gay men of varying ethnicities and age groups. Three hundred eighty-three Black and White, younger, middle-aged, and older adult gay men completed measures of perceived stigmatization, coping style, and mental health outcomes. Black older adult gay men reported significantly higher levels of perceived ageism than the older White group, significantly higher levels of perceived racism than the younger Black group, significantly higher levels of homonegativity than the younger Black and the White groups, and were more likely to use disengaged coping styles than White gay men. However, Black older adult gay men did not experience significantly higher levels of negative mental health outcomes. Results suggest that further research should examine how older Black gay men, who perceive higher levels of stigma while reporting greater use of less effective coping styles, do not appear to be experiencing more negative mental health outcomes as a result. 相似文献
173.
Bob G. Knight Cecilia Y. M. Poon 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(4):232-249
Our aging population is growing in size and diversity. To integrate different views on aging and make explicit the role of
culture as a contextual factor, we modified Knight’s (Psychotherapy with older adults, 2004) Contextual, Cohort-based, Maturity,
Specific Challenge (CCMSC) model of psychotherapy with older adults into the Contextual Adult Lifespan Theory for Adapting
Psychotherapy (CALTAP). This article describes various components of the CALTAP, which serves as a meta-theoretical framework
in guiding an integrated psychotherapy approach for the aging population. The interaction between environmental factors like
cohort differences and socio-cultural contexts and individual factors such as maturation and age-related specific challenges
not only shapes the experience and presentation of older adults in clinical settings, but also highlights special considerations
in adapting psychotherapy for older adults. 相似文献
174.
Bob McMurray Meghan A. Clayards Michael K. Tanenhaus Richard N. Aslin 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1064-1071
Speech perception requires listeners to integrate multiple cues that each contribute to judgments about a phonetic category.
Classic studies of trading relations assessed the weights attached to each cue but did not explore the time course of cue
integration. Here, we provide the first direct evidence that asynchronous cues to voicing (/b/ vs. /p/) and manner (/b/ vs.
/w/) contrasts become available to the listener at different times during spoken word recognition. Using the visual world
paradigm, we show that the probability of eye movements to pictures of target and of competitor objects diverge at different
points in time after the onset of the target word. These points of divergence correspond to the availability of early (voice
onset time or formant transition slope) and late (vowel length) cues to voicing and manner contrasts. These results support
a model of cue integration in which phonetic cues are used for lexical access as soon as they are available. 相似文献
175.
Mark Pope Edward A. Wierzalis Bob Barret Michael Rankins 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2007,6(2):68-82
The authors focus on the special issues involved in providing counseling to aging gay men regarding sex and intimacy. Although the stresses of aging experienced by gay men are similar to those of heterosexual men, older gay men face issues of a stigmatized sexual orientation, invisibility, negative stereotypes, and discrimination regarding aging. 相似文献
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The social model of disability has emerged over the past 30 years in Britain to challenge the dominant individual, particularly medical and tragedy, models. This social model is borne from the experiences of disabled people and essentially defines disability as the discrimination faced by people with impairments. This paper explores the possible conflicts between some counselling approaches that can individualise and personalise problems and disability as a political issue. Drawing on research with counsellors and disabled clients, we illustrate the social construction of disability as an individualised problem within the counselling process. Considering the implications for counselling practice, we argue for an approach to counselling which recognises the social model of disability as the basis for social change. 相似文献
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