照度对儿童少年视功能影响的研究

为了给我国《中小学校教室采光和照明卫生标准》提供依据,我们做了四个视觉实验。此文发表的是其中的三个实验:视力与照度的关系;视度与照度的关系和汉字易读度与照度的关系。另一个实验见续篇。     

Psychometry and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements

Summary The relationship between psychometric performance and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement in a series of patients suffering from presenile dementia is discussed. An evaluation of central concepts in the late Professor A.R. Luria's dynamic localization model for behavior determination is made. A new indirect measurement of regional cerebral metabolism (rCBF) is used. In general, support is obtained from Luria's model for the interpretation of the relation between psychometric results and the rCBF data.     

自我职业选择测验(SDS)的试用报告

本研究对自我职业选择测验 (SDS) 1 985年版进行了修订 ,并在武汉市中学生中进行了适用性的验证。在原测验中译本基础上 ,进行了项目修改、项目分析、信效度检验等标准化工作。结果表明 :①该测验具有良好的项目特性 ;②该测验同质性信度、分半信度均达到一般心理测验要求标准 ;③该测验结构效度与效标关联效度亦较为理想 ;④个别项目仍有待于进一步修改 ,取样还应面向全国 ,以利于进一步的推广作用。在武汉市中学生中的试用结果表明 :①该测验可以作为中学生职业辅导的选用工具 ;②在该测验中使用标准分代替粗分更具科学性。     

共同经历不公平降低个体的不公平感知

以往鲜有研究考察个体与他人共同经历不公平如何影响其不公平感知。本研究实验1~2采用最后通牒博弈任务考察个体独自经历,以及与他人共同经历不公平时的不公平感知。结果表明,共同经历不公平,相比独自经历不公平,降低了个体的不公平感知。实验3采用眼动技术考察共同经历不公平降低个体不公平感知的内部心理机制,结果表明,个体越关注共同经历者的收益,其不公平感知越低,该结果支持社会比较的观点。     

试论王夫之的“通”论思想

王夫之深刻继承了中国传统思想中的"通"之精神,并在其"通"论思想的具体展开过程中,表达了重视个体与殊异性等颇具现代性意义的思想内容。在天人关系中,王夫之阐明了天人相通相继但不同的道理;在社会历史领域,他强调以"变通"之精神师法古人智慧,以应对当下社会具体问题;他继承和吸收了张载的"通"观念,在伦理学中强调在尊重他者的基础上以"尽己"和"推己"的方式与他人交往的平等思想,并在人性论中彰显了人性的丰富性及人性与物性相通的内容;在知行问题的阐述过程中,他从"诚明"与"知行"关系层面,深刻揭示了广义的知与行在人之成德、成性过程中所具有的相通性。王夫之的"通"论思想,为我们思考当代社会如何继承和发扬传统智慧提供了新的致思路向。     

激励发展中国家的卫生研究——再思考与研讨新策略时代正在兴起

发展中国家需要更清晰地明确其卫生研究面临的优先项目,即国家应共同分担全球性研究项目,增强激励和纳入研究轨道的国家能力,把循证决策人微言轻政策决策的基础,加强国家与国际合作问题是卫生研究中的中心议题。     

道、佛二教思想对中国古代科学影响的思考

作为中华文化价值体系的两座重要基石,道教与佛教的思想对古代中国科学的发展有着深刻的影响。但由于道、佛二教自身特点与状态的不同,中国古代科学在它们中的特征与走向都不尽相同。我们从对道、佛二教的思想对科学影响的对比分析中,能更为深刻的认识和理解宗教与科学的关系。     

The debate on the yan-yi relation in Chinese philosophy: Reconstruction and comments

The debate on the yan-yi relation was carried out by Chinese philosophers collectively, and the principles and methods in the debate still belong to a living tradition of Chinese philosophy. From Yijing (Book of Changes), Lunyu (Analects), Laozi and Zhuangzi to Wang Bi, “yi” which cannot be expressed fully by yan (language), is not only “idea” or “meaning” in the human mind, but is also some kind of ontological existence, which is beyond yan and emblematic symbols, and unspeakable. Thus, the debate on the yan-yi relation refers firstly to metaphysics, secondly to moral philosophy, and then to epistemology and philosophy of language. Guided by this view, this paper recalls the source of the debate on the yan-yi relation to Yijing and Lunyu, distinguishes four meanings of “yi” in Chinese philosophy, and reconstructs three arguments. These arguments are the “yan cannot express yi fully” argument, “forget yan once you get yi” argument, and “yan can express yi fully” argument. Finally, this paper exposes and comments on those principles, methods and the general tendency shown in the debate from the following five aspects: starting point, value-preference, methodology, texts (papers and books), and influences. __________ Translated from Jianghai Xuekan 江海学刊 (Jianghai Academic Studies), 2005 (3)     

Sex and power in the academy: modeling sexual harassment in the lives of college women

The authors build an integrated model of the process by which academic sexual harassment undermines women's well-being; also examined is harasser power as a potential moderator of this process. Data from 1,455 college women suggest that sexual harassment experiences are associated with increased psychological distress, which then relates to lower academic satisfaction, greater physical illness, and greater disordered eating. The cumulative effect is greater disengagement from the academic environment, which in turn relates to performance decline (i.e., lower grades). Regardless of how frequently the harassment occurred, academic satisfaction was lower when the harassment came from higher-status individuals (i.e., faculty, staff, or administrators). At the same time, harassment was equally detrimental to mental health, regardless of who perpetrated it. The article concludes with implications for theory, research, and intervention.