工作记忆容量研究新进展

工作记忆容量作为直接影响人类完成高级认知活动的重要因素而倍受心理学家的关注.长期以来关于工作记忆容量的研究主要集中于工作记忆的执行性控制成分与高级认知活动的关系上,忽略了对注意焦点的研究,而注意焦点则是为了进行当前的认知加工而把从记忆的激活部分提取出来的信息组块加以保持的一个容量有限系统.该文作者讨论了关于工作记忆中注意焦点容量的研究及认识,并指出了当前研究中存在的问题.     

Nordic Luther Research in Motion

Abstract : Luther research in the Nordic countries is characterised by both continuation and discussion of its own legacy. Finnish Luther studies have a prominent position here, but are by no means the only actors in Nordic Luther research. Giving an overview of Nordic Luther research in the last decade, the article selects four main topics that have been the focus of special attention: politics and ethics, Communicatio idiomatum and Luther's view on language, Luther as preacher, and Luther and the gift. The article concludes with some comments on the continuing role of creation theology, so strongly emphasised in last century's Scandinavian Luther research.     

由"宗经"至"宗骚"——刘师培与传统文论批评模式的现代转换

在传统文化向现代转型期,伴随着经学地位的衰落,传统文学批评模式也发生了新变。刘师培把西方的审美观念引入文学理论的研究,将传统“宗经”的批评模式转换为“宗骚”,这一变革深刻反映了转型期文论发展的趋势,呈现传统走向现代的轨迹。     

差异蛋白质组学研究与应用进展

差异蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一种重要研究策略,着重于比较不同生物体在不同时刻或状态下蛋白质表达的变化,在目前技术背景下有重要的现实意义。将近年来新发展的差异蛋白组学技术,如激光捕获微切割、蛋白芯片及蛋白质定量研究方面等的技术和差异蛋白组学应用进展进行总结。     

汉语中词长效应的初步实验研究

该文以回忆出一个词表的序列呈现顺序的正确率为指标考察汉语中的词长效应(Word-Length Effect)。实验材料为汉语中不同音节数目的词语。实验结果发现,在纯词表中,存在显著的词长效应。但是在混合词表中(包括长短词交替词表以及随机词表),词长效应会消失。研究结果支持词长效应的基于词表的解释,同时,项目的特异性也具有一定的作用。     

An open clinical trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder administered in regular outpatient clinics

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of manual-guided cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) administered within three regular, i.e., non-academic, Norwegian outpatient child psychiatric clinics. METHODS: A total of 28 youngsters, aged 8-17 with primary OCD entered the study. Assessment at intake included Norwegian versions of the K-SADS-PL, Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and a measure of OCD-specific functional impairment (Child OCD Impact Scale (COIS)). Therapy consisted of 12 manual-guided sessions with combined individual and family CBT-based interventions and was conducted by psychologists and physicians under training and supervision. Outcome was assessed after treatment and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups by means of the CY-BOCS, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the CGI-Improvement scales, and the COIS. RESULTS: Twenty-four youngsters (86%) completed treatment and were available for the follow-up assessments. Significant improvements were found on all outcome measures after treatment, including a mean symptom reduction on the CY-BOCS of 60.6%, increasing to 68.8% at the 6-month follow-up. Estimates of within-group effect sizes showed strong effects of treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that manual-guided CBT for childhood OCD can be successfully implemented in non-academic community child psychiatric settings with outcomes in accordance with previous findings from highly specialised university clinics.     

胃肠道双重造影对胃肠道病变诊断的临床思维方法

从方法学原理的角度,通过对胃肠道双重造影征象分析和综合的辩证思维,经过整体和局部相结合,从一般到特殊,由现象到本质,全面客观,纵横联系的认识过程,探讨和研究胃肠道双重造影对胃肠道疾病诊断的科学思维方法,提高、改进影像科医生的临床思雏,对提高医疗水平有着重大的意义。     

脐血干细胞移植治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化伦理问题的思考

肌萎缩侧索硬化症是神经系统一种致死性疾病,目前尚无有效治疗方法,脐血干细胞移植为其生存带来了希望。详细论述了脐血、干细胞与伦理学,肌萎缩侧索硬化与生命伦理学的关系,以及如何在肌萎缩侧索硬化治疗中体现生命伦理学的核心精神。面对脆弱的生命,医务人员、伦理学者和管理部门应该如何为此类疾病患者生命和健康作出应尽的职责。