老年高血压降压不易达标及降压质量低的原因分析及对策

老年高血压降压不易达标或降压质量低,原因在于老年高血压的特殊性,如多发收缩期高血压、血压波动大、易发生体位性低血压、合并多脏器功能损害等。在老年高血压的治疗中,应充分认识其特殊性,开展健康教育、改善生活方式,正确选择降压药,在降压达标治疗的基础上,提高降压质量,最大限度降低患者靶器官损害,减少心血管终点事件的发生。     

Mortality of geriatric and younger patients with schizophrenia in the community

Little is known about the differences in mortality among non-institutionalized geriatric and younger patients with schizophrenia. In this study long-term mortality and suicidal behavior of all the geriatric (age > or = 65 years), middle-age (age 41-64 years), and young (age 15-40 years) subjects with schizophrenia living in a Chinese rural community were compared. A 10 year follow-up investigation among a 1994 cohort (n = 510) of patients with schizophrenia was conducted in Xinjin County, Chengdu, China. Compared with young subjects, geriatric subjects with schizophrenia were more likely to be female, have more previous physical illness, never accepted treatment, and practice religious (p < or = 0.01). There were no significant differences of suicide attempts among the three groups. Young subjects had a higher rate of suicide (1,033.8 per 100,000 person-years), and geriatric subjects had a higher rate of deaths due to other causes (accident and natural causes) (4,314.2 per 100,000 person-years). Standardized mortality ratios for both suicide and deaths due to other causes were highest in young subjects and the lowest in geriatric subjects. Patients with schizophrenia in all age groups had a marked increase in mortality and suicide. Specific intervention strategies for decreasing mortality and suicide should be developed for patients with schizophrenia in different age groups.     

西方学者对组织伦理气氛结构的研究

组织伦理气氛(organizational ethic climate)是组织成员对于什么是符合伦理的行为,如何解决伦理困境或问题的共同体验和认知.通过文献研究,该文系统讨论和分析了组织伦理气氛的理论结构类型和实证结构研究等方面的内容,并对西方组织伦理气氛结构研究现状进行了反思,提出一些启示.     

重复学习对错误记忆通道效应的影响

本研究采用DRM范式以80名大学生为被试对错误记忆的通道效应进行了研究.实验采用三因素混合设计,运用信号检测论等方法探讨了重复学习对不同通道错误再认的影响.结果发现:1)汉语词表具有与英文词表不同的通道效应,表现为视觉学习的错误再认高于听觉学习;2)重复学习对视觉学习与听觉学习的错误再认产生分离性影响,即重复学习降低了视觉学习的错误再认,却提高了听觉学习的错误再认;3)信号检测论的分析表明:听觉学习在重复学习后对关键诱词的错误再认的增加是听觉学习对要义信息日益增加的敏感性连同较为宽松的提取标准协同起作用的结果.     

Introduction to the Special Theme on ＂Philosophy of Language,Chinese Language,and Chinese Philosophy＂

This special theme section concerns ＂Philosophy of language, Chinese language, and Chinese philosophy,＂ presenting （with its own distinct focus） the general theme of an ongoing international collective research project, ＂Philosophical Issues concerning Chinese Language and Development of Contemporary Philosophy of Language,＂ the initial results of which are presented in the four articles here.     

因满足而幸福：婚姻期待研究回顾与展望

婚姻期待指在婚姻关系中, 个体对配偶和关系本身所期望达到、并认为可以达到的标准。婚姻期待的满足程度影响婚姻质量评价和婚姻满意度, 但受到期待弹性、夫妻沟通及归因风格等因素的调节。个体应对婚姻期待受挫的方式包括改变对方以及对现实进行理想化歪曲等。未来可从开发适用于中国文化的测量工具、深化影响婚姻期待的家庭因素研究、探索婚姻期待受挫的其它应对方式及开展婚姻期待的夫妻匹配研究等方向进行考察。     

DRM范式的关联性记忆错觉的理论解释述评

随着关联性记忆错觉的深入发展,研究者逐渐对关联性记忆错觉进行理论解释,并提出了一些相关的模型,该文从四个角度进行了归纳,即：基于部分编码的解释、基于信号检测分析的模型、模糊痕迹理论和综合的建构性记忆模型等,并进行了评价和展望。     

试论网络文化的心理代偿功能

e时代,网络文化的心理功能成为心理学研究的新领域,本文从网络文化的狂欢性角度,探讨了网络文化在心理代偿机制中的独特性和社会意义。     

现代广告传统文化心理的反思

中国广告要赶超西方广告有也只能先行于文化上的超越,但现代广告利用传统文化创意中出现了“庸俗”、“形式”和“隔阂”的趋势。从心理学角度看,传统文化心理主要表现意象相融的思维方式、儒道互补的情感模式、理欲并立的人格特征和灭人合一的集体无意识四个方面。现代广告只有精确把握其精神内核,才能植根于传统文化．创造出广告的文化精品。     

The Myth of Gender Cultures: Similarities Outweigh Differences in Men's and Women's Provision of and Responses to Supportive Communication

Michaud and Warner (1997) and Basow and Rubenfeld (2003) recently reported studies of gender differences in “troubles talk” that allegedly provide support for the different cultures thesis, that is, the notion that men and women communicate in such different ways that they should be regarded as members of different communication cultures or speech communities. In this article, we identify several limitations in these two studies that, collectively, have the effect of casting doubt on their conclusions. We then report three studies that show that men and women provide and respond to supportive messages (“troubles talk”) in ways that are much more similar than different. The current findings, in conjunction with other recent findings, suggest that the different cultures thesis is a myth that should be discarded.