基于属性层级结构的认知诊断测验的组卷

认知诊断测验组卷方法对提高被试属性掌握模式的判准率至关重要.Henson和Douglas的组卷方法(2005)得到的认知诊断测验判准率不高,没有考虑属性间的层级关系是重要原因.本文提出一种基于属性层级结构的认知诊断组卷方法:首先根据属性层级结构确定待选项目类集合,其次根据新建构的选题指标确定项目类,然后由属性区分被试的能力确定各项目类中题目的数量,并在测验Q阵中放入可达阵.模拟研究表明:新方法比H&D方法在判准率上有很大的提高;新的选题指标比H&D的指标大大缩短计算时间.     

The impact of role modeling on protégés' personal learning and work-to-family enrichment

The present study investigates the impact of role modeling as perceived by protégés on their personal learning (i.e., relational job learning and personal skill development) and work-to-family enrichment (WFE). Results from a two-wave field survey of 173 protégés in the People's Republic of China indicate that role modeling positively affects relational job learning and personal skill development. However, personal skill development rather than relational job learning was found to be positively related to WFE and to mediate the relationship between role modeling and WFE. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.     

彝医理论体系中蕴涵的哲学思想

彝族人民在日常实践中创造了独特的医药理论体系.其中.清浊二气、哎哺学说肯定了世界的物质本原性,五行八卦学说认为世界是万事万物相互联系、相互作用、不断变化的统一整体.彝医理论体系具有良好的临床指导意义.虽然存在局限,但总体是既唯物又辩证,促进了唯物主义和自然科学的发展.     

癌症患者临床决策倾向性的研究

为了解癌症患者对医生、自己和家属意见的临床决策倾向性,采取问卷调查和半结构访谈相结合的方法,调查120例住院癌症患者的临床决策倾向性。结果显示,(1)生活习惯相关决策,实际和理想的患者自己倾向性构成比值最高,为40%和33%;求医行为方面家属最高,实际和理想均为50%;常规检查、总体治疗方案、手术、化疗和放疗相关决策方面均为医生最高,分别为100%、90%、100%、90%和100%;(2)癌症患者理想和实际的临床决策倾向性构成比值均无差异(P0.05),但访谈显示29.17%的患者认为目前决策状态不理想。提示:(1)癌症患者在不同方面的临床决策倾向性有所不同。(2)癌症患者对临床决策状态基本满意,但有患者希望医生参与沟通更多或自己参与更多。     

伦理与审美的双重奏——儒家之礼的人类学解析

借鉴人类学关于仪式的研究成果,探讨传统儒家之礼对个体身心进行调节和实现社会整合的内在机制。儒家对礼进行建构的过程中,通过一系列具有审美意味的象征符号,展演了内在的伦理精神和道德理念,释放了个体的感性情感和欲望;通过赋予和强化个体的社会角色与身份,礼为个体生命的价值实现提供了一个构建意义的场域,同时也完成了对于个体的社会调控。     

利益相关者理论视野下的金融企业社会责任

2008年全面爆发的美国金融危机影响波及全球。从企业伦理或经济伦理的角度来看,此次金融危机的根源在于传统的股东利益至上理念的内在缺陷。本文提出用利益相关者理论替代股东利益至上理论。利益相关者理论强调企业应该考虑股东、员工、客户、合作伙伴、社区、政府、环境、经济共同体等各方利益相关者的权益。金融企业必须转变传统的经营理念,积极引进利益相关者理论,履行其所应承担的企业社会责任,此乃克服金融危机的一种可能的和有效的路径。     

Parental, Behavioral, and Psychological Factors Associated with Cigarette Smoking among Secondary School Students in Nanjing, China

We designed this study to assess parental, behavioral, and psychological factors associated with tobacco use among Chinese adolescents. The data were collected from 995 middle school students in Nanjing, China. Both smoking experimentation and current smoking (smoking in the past 30 days) were assessed among the study sample. Psychosocial measures include family structure, problem behaviors, social influence of smoking (both parental and friends’ approval of smoking), depressive symptoms, social alienation, self-esteem, parental monitoring (social monitoring and academic monitoring) and parenting style (responsiveness and demandingness). Among the study sample (mean age 15.16 years and 50% females), 24% ever smoked and 15% smoked in the past 30 days. Advanced age, male gender, low family SES, low school performance and low educational aspiration were associated with both smoking experimentation and current smoking. Depressive symptoms, social alienation, low self-esteem, low social and academic monitoring, problem behaviors, low maternal and paternal responsiveness, peer smoking, parent smoking, and parental and friends’ approval of smoking were positively associated with current smoking among Chinese adolescents. Future tobacco use prevention efforts among Chinese adolescents need to consider the parental, behavioral, and psychological correlates identified in the current study.     

Gender differences in the effects of post-learning emotion on consolidation of item memory and source memory

Item memory and source memory are two integral elements of episodic memory. Although many studies have examined the effect of emotion on item memory, little research has simultaneously taken into account item memory and source memory. In addition, in the majority of previous studies, learning stimuli are used as the source of emotion, making it difficult to understand whether emotion has an effect on encoding or on consolidation of episodic memory. Furthermore, although gender differences exist in neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli, in many studies gender differences were neglected and this leaves the picture incomplete regarding the effect of emotion on episodic memory. In this study, we examined gender differences in the effects of post-learning emotion on consolidation of item memory and source memory. Participants learned neutral Chinese nouns, took a memory pretest, and were then randomly assigned to three conditions, in which they either watched a 3-min negative video clip, or watched a 3-min positive video clip, or remained calm and relaxed for 3 min. Thirty minutes after the initial learning, participants took a memory posttest. We found that: (1) For females, post-learning negative emotion enhanced consolidation of item memory; however, neither negative emotion nor positive emotion had a significant effect on consolidation of source memory; (2) For males, neither negative nor positive emotion after learning had a significant effect on either item memory or source memory. Possible reasons for the gender differences, as well as the theoretical significance and practical implications of this study were discussed.