时距加工的记忆负荷效应

为了探索非时间任务短时记忆加工对不同长度时距加工的影响是否一致,本研究采用双任务范式,操纵时距编码阶段的短时记忆加工负荷,以平均复制时距为因变量指标,考察了非时间任务短时记忆加工对1-6秒时距加工的影响。结果发现,1秒、2秒及3秒的平均复制长度不随记忆负荷的大小而变化,4秒、5秒及6秒的平均复制长度随着记忆负荷变大而缩短。这意味着非时间短时记忆对时距加工影响具有选择性。     

The Compatibility of Personality and Social Identity Processes: The Effect of Gender Identity on Neuroticism

In an experimental study (N = 186), we examined the effect of identity (gender versus personal) on participants' self‐rated neuroticism and estimates of mean neuroticism for men and women. Self‐rated neuroticism was measured before and after the identity salience manipulation. Following self‐categorization theory, we predicted that identity salience would affect levels of self‐rated neuroticism and the estimates (perceptions) of mean neuroticism for each sex. From a personality perspective, we expected substantial correlations between pre‐manipulation and post‐manipulation neuroticism scores in both identity conditions. The relation between participants' self‐rated neuroticism and their estimates of mean neuroticism for their own sex was also examined. The effect of identity salience was unclear with regard to self‐rated neuroticism levels, whereas the manipulation had apparent effects on estimated mean neuroticism levels for men and women. Also, self‐rated neuroticism was found to predict estimates of mean neuroticism for men and women in the gender, but not personal, identity condition. Finally, in line with a personality perspective, the relative positions in self‐rated neuroticism were highly stable in both conditions. The findings indicate a compatibility of self‐categorization theory and personality perspectives and suggest that both are valuable to understand the changeability and stability of the self. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层次化护理团队在优质护理服务中的应用探讨

将所研究的临床科室的护理人员按照职称进行分层并组成护理团队.1年后比较实施前后护理质量和护理服务质量的相关指标.实施后,护理质量和护理服务质量均有显著提高(P＜0.01).临床科室组建层次化优质护理团队,能为患者提供更为安全、满意的护理服务,推动优质护理服务的开展.     

1秒以上时距判断的ERP研究

以视觉呈现时距信号,采用时间泛化范式要求被试判断5种探测时距(1～4秒)与标准时距(2秒)之间的长度关系,并记录11名大学生在时距判断过程中的事件相关电位(ERP),继而探讨不同探测时距条件下CNV波幅特征变化以及左、右侧额叶在时距判断中的功能。结果发现:1秒、1.42秒以及2秒条件下,CNV波幅峰出现在探测时距结束点,2.84秒、4秒条件下,CNV波幅峰出现在大约2秒处(标准时距);CNV负性翻转至基线位置在1秒、1.42秒、2秒条件下随探测时距的增长而延后,而在2.84秒、4秒两种条件下无显著差异;左、右侧额叶处诱发的CNV波幅峰潜时在2.84秒、4秒探测时距条件下无显著差异,且均在2秒附近。这说明在1秒以上视时距判断中CNV波幅峰反映了基于记忆中标准时距的时距判断的决策过程;CNV负性翻转至基线位置与时距判断的决策阶段存在共变关系,CNV负性翻转至基线位置相当于负荷解脱过程中的一个由负翻正的转折点;左、右侧额叶均参与了时距脉冲累加过程。     

Six Groups of Paradoxes in Ancient China From the Perspective of Comparative Philosophy

This paper divides the sophisms and paradoxes put forth by Chinese thinkers of the pre-Qin period of China (before 221 BCE) into six groups: paradoxes of motion and infinity, paradoxes of class membership, semantic paradoxes, epistemic paradoxes, paradoxes of relativization, other logical contradictions. It focuses on the comparison between the Chinese items and the counterparts of ancient Greek and even of contemporary Western philosophy, and concludes that there turn out to be many similar elements of philosophy and logic at the beginnings of Chinese and Greek civilizations.     

治疗感染性骨不连伴大段骨缺损的探讨与思考

感染性骨不连伴大段骨缺损是目前临床骨科较为常见、多发、治疗极为棘手的病种之一,治疗方法多种多样,但疗效却不理想,且缺乏统一的诊治与疗效判断标准,总结、分析几种临床上主要治疗方法的利弊,为该病探寻一条微创、安全、并发症少及疗效确切的可靠治疗方法.随着对Ilizarov技术的基础与临床研究的不断深入,该技术在治疗传统方法难以治愈的疾病如四肢关节严重畸形、感染性骨不连或伴有骨缺损、皮肤软组织缺损等方面显示出自身的优势,为治疗疑难骨科疾病开辟了一条新的有效途径.     

跨视听通道的错误记忆ERP新旧效应研究

Smith和Hunt于1998年首次采用DRM范式提出了错误记忆通道效应,即视觉学习通道较之听觉学习通道会降低错误再认或错误回忆,这不仅引发了一系列关于错误记忆通道效应的研究,而且提出了许多关于错误记忆通道效应产生机制的不同观点。本实验采用DRM范式,运用ERP技术,考察了视觉与听觉通道在提取阶段的错误记忆新旧效应,以从更深层面认识错误记忆的内在加工机制。结果发现,视觉与听觉通道在300-500ms和500-700ms两个时间窗都发现了ERP新旧效应,但在脑区位置以及错误记忆的新旧效应方面存在差异,这表明视觉通道与听觉通道在提取阶段的新旧效应存在不同的脑神经活动,不同学习通道在提取阶段的监测加工差异在导致错误记忆通道效应方面起着非常重要的作用。     

Education and Psycho-Utopianism—Comenius,Skinner, and Beyond

In the history of ideas some researchers have recently coined the term psycho-utopianism, denoting the notion that the ideal society presupposes a “new man,” that is, the psychological nature of man must change before society can change. Cultural studies have noted this line of thinking also within the so-called New Age movement. However, the notion of a New Age is not really new; it occurred already at the beginning of the Modern Epoch; in seventeenth-century Europe. At that time, the educational philosopher J. A. Comenius was writing his canonical work Didactica Magna and other texts on education, science, and philosophy, with the ultimate aim of contributing to a new world order. Comenius was one of the first modern educators to argue for a general education of both boys and girls irrespective of social class. Three hundred years later, B. F. Skinner suggested psychological methods of education and upbringing, also with the ultimate aim to transform society. In this article I will look closer at the similarities and differences between these two thinkers regarding their psycho-utopian notions. I will conclude with similar reflections on psycho-utopian tendencies in present discourses on information and communication technology (ICT) and education.     

Effect of sample size on ductility of metallic glass

With decreasing sample dimension, the compressive plastic strain of a Zr-based metallic glass increases from near zero to as high as 80% without failure. This indicates that macroscopically brittle or ductile deformation behaviour can occur in chemically and structurally identical metallic glass. A concept of critical shear offset is proposed to explain the strong size effect on the enhanced plasticity of metallic glass by taking the shear fracture energy density into account. This finding provides new understanding on the principle that for metallic glass ‘smaller is more ductile’, even on the macroscopic scale.     

New insights on tensile plasticity of ultrafine-grained metallic materials

ABSTRACT

The tensile properties of TiNi_43.5Fe_6.5 alloy samples having different grain sizes (0.16, 0.35, 1.7, 2.3, and 3.9?μm) and fabricated by severe plastic deformation and annealing were investigated. It was observed that both the strength and the elongation of the alloy increase with a decrease in the grain size until the average size reaches 1.7?μm. However, for average grain sizes smaller than 1.7?μm, the elongation decreases continuously with further grain refinement. On the other hand, the strain-hardening rate does not decrease with the decrease in plasticity but instead increases slightly. The poor ductility of the ultrafine-grained TiNi_43.5Fe_6.5 alloy is accompanied by a high degree of strain hardening. This newly observed ductility behaviour of the ultrafine-grained TiNi_43.5Fe_6.5 alloy is elucidated by characterising the intragranular and grain boundaries.