由知识对伦理的辩护到伦理对知识的批判——论知识的伦理价值

古希腊哲学最早将美德与知识相联系,“真”的达到就是“善”的实现,人的合目的性是建立在其合规律性的基础上的,伦理学从此有了独立存在的根据。近代知识论提出“知识就是力量”,将获得知识与获得幸福视为同一,知识(理性)是建立伦理的绝对普遍的坚实基础,人的尊严和主体性成为伦理追求的最大价值。20世纪以来,由于科学知识的异化,“知识与人的幸福和命运问题”凸现在当代伦理学面前。为知识找寻一条“应然”的光明之路,不仅是伦理学的理论使命,也是人类自身的神圣使命。     

Effect of post-encoding emotion on recollection and familiarity for pictures

Although prior studies have examined the effect of post-encoding emotional arousal on recognition memory for words, it is unknown whether the enhancement effect observed on words generalizes to pictures. Furthermore, prior studies using words have showed that the effect of emotional arousal can be modulated by stimuli valence and delay in emotion induction, but it is unclear whether such modulation can extend to pictures and whether other factors such as encoding method (incidental vs. intentional encoding) can be modulatory. Five experiments were conducted to answer these questions. In Experiment 1, participants encoded a list of neutral and negative pictures and then watched a 3-min neutral or negative video. The delayed test showed that negative arousal impaired recollection regardless of picture valence but had no effect on familiarity. Experiment 2 replicated the above findings. Experiment 3 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants watched a 3-min neutral, negative, or positive video and conducted free recall before the recognition test. Unlike the prior two experiments, the impairment effect of negative arousal disappeared. Experiment 4, where the free recall task was eliminated, replicated the results from Experiment 3. Experiment 5 replicated Experiments 1 and 2 and further showed that the impairment effects of negative arousal could be modulated by delay in emotion induction but not by encoding method or stimuli valence. Taken together, the current study suggests that the enhancement effect observed on words may not generalize to pictures.     

妊娠晚期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症对母婴合并症的影响

本研究旨在观察妊娠晚期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症对母婴合并症的影响。最终选择2010年1月～2010年11月期间共325例妊娠晚期孕妇分为病例组（A组,n＝65）和正常对照组（B组,n＝260）,观察两组之间母婴合并症的变化。结果显示,两组之间在年龄、住院日、血压、体质量指数（BM I）、心率、分娩时孕周、血糖以及血脂方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。但与B组相比较,A组发生母亲合并症及胎儿合并症的发生率明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。此研究提示妊娠晚期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症增加母婴合并症的风险。     

fMRI correlates of inhibition of return in perifoveal and peripheral visual field

When a target appears in the same peripheral location as a previous cue, responding is typically delayed if the cue-target interval is relatively long. This phenomenon is termed inhibition of return (IOR) and has been suggested to reflect an attentional bias in favour of novel visual space. It has been demonstrated recently that IOR is much stronger in the far periphery than in the perifoveal visual field. The present study further investigated the neural mechanisms underlying this eccentricity effect of IOR with an event-related fMRI technique. The results demonstrated a stronger activation in visual cortex for perifoveal processing and a broader activation in multiple brain areas for peripheral processing. When IOR effects were compared between these two areas, a stronger activation of the fronto-parietal network was evidenced for perifoveal versus peripheral IOR, while the prefrontal cortex was more strongly involved in the peripheral IOR versus perifoveal IOR. These results suggest that different neural mechanisms are mediating the dissociable inhibitory functions between the perifoveal and peripheral visual field.     

加强我国卫生领域科研诚信建设的重要性

近几年来,我国的科研不端案例呈不断上升趋势.科技部、教育部、中国科学院,国家自然科学基金委员会、中国科学技术协会等部门或机构已发布了关于科研不端行为的处理规定,然而在我国卫生领域科研不端行为的处理和科研诚信建设方面尚未出台相关政策或指导意见.加强我国卫生领域的科研诚信建设具有重要意义.     

审美心理素质教育模式探析

审美心理素质教育定位于受教育者人格的发展：其本质核心是感性的独立;其基本特征是情感的通融;其特殊功能是创造力的释放;其价值定向是生命的体验。本模式通过具体教育内容引发学生预期心理活动,养成相应的审美心理素质：在智育中展开认知活动,获得感性领悟;在德育中激发动机,内化情感体验;在体(劳)育中实践意志品质,感受生命潜能;在美育中获得审美策略,独立创造意象,这些审美心理素质的综合可实现完整人格的塑成。     

特征和结构信息对草图人脸识别的影响

在人脸认知研究的特征说、结构说和整体说的基础上,通过草图人脸与人脸相似程度主观评价的调查,发现五官位置、拓扑结构、五官比例、轮廓外形和五官外形等五个维度对人脸识别影响的权重依次减小,并且存在着多种显著的不同水平的交互作用。进而提出,五官位置和拓扑结构可组合成具体图形意义上的结构关系,这种结构关系将整体人脸分解成有序的特征集。     

论龚自珍的理想人格

龚自珍对中国传统的"圣人"人格提出了质疑,同时提出了具有新社会特征的"豪杰"人格,这一理想人格为传统人格向近代人格的革命性转换提供了思想养料.     

Reducing prejudice through priming of control-related words

We investigated the effect of incidentally presented constructs that imply self-control on activated stereotypes associated with immigrants. To activate immigrant stereotypes, participants responded to a scale that measures people's prejudice toward immigrants. They were then primed, using scrambled sentences, with words that were related to self-control (e.g., control, restrain, self-regulate) or with neutral words. After the priming task, participants evaluated an ambiguous behavior of a target person. On the basis of three experiments, the results showed that participants primed with the control-related words rated the target behavior more positively than those primed with neutral words. The results are discussed in relation to previous research on self-control, automatic influence of activated constructs, and prejudice reduction.