庄子"天地大美"思想的现代阐释

在知识学、美学、伦理学分科的学术背景下解读庄子思想,庄子以“道”为指归,批判现实人生中的知识、伦理因素,追求与“道”相融通的境界,向自身、向固有存在结构复归,具有美学内涵。“天地大美”作为其唯一肯定的通达于“道”的中介,在于使世界以其本来面目自然呈现,具有“美”的本体意义,成为体现庄子思想美学内涵的核心范畴。     

恶性肿瘤高发态势与肿瘤学教学现状的思考

恶性肿瘤的发病率及病死率日渐增高,成为21世纪威胁人类健康、导致死亡的主要疾病。在我国,肿瘤已经成为常见病。本文从肿瘤高发的态势与肿瘤学飞速发展的现状出发,分析我国肿瘤诊治整体水平与医学院校肿瘤学课程设置及教学相对滞后的状况,阐述了新形势下加强医学院校在本科生基础医学教育中强化与改革肿瘤学课程的重要性和必要性。     

中医药的专利权保护

中医药为中华民族和世界人民的健康做出了重要贡献,但是由于我国对中医药知识产权保护的落后,我国中医药的珍贵知识财富正为外国大公司无偿地攫取。根据中医药自身的特性,对专利保护的适用、调整、改进及补充作了大胆设想,为我国进一步完善中医药的专利法保护提出了建议。     

关于“四宗罪”的评析与比较哲学研究的方法论问题

本文选译自旅美学者牟博教授为其发起并主持的“戴维森哲学与中国哲学的建设性互动”专题研究项目撰写的主旨导言。作者从一个独特的角度,即着重通过对比较哲学研究所经常被责难的所谓“四宗罪”的深入辨析和重新评判,而对比较哲学研究的一般方法论问题提出了卓有见地的观点和设想,对于当今中国哲学和比较哲学研究具有很强的针对性和重要的指导借鉴意义。     

Gender differences in implicit prejudice

In three experiments (n=131), we examined gender differences in implicit (and explicit) racial prejudice employing priming of immigrant and Swedish facial photographs without attention or without awareness. Implicit prejudice was defined as the degree of negativity expressed toward a person described in a subsequent ambiguous story in an impression formation task. We found, contrary to our hypothesis, that women displayed systematically higher implicit prejudice than men in all three experiments, although men scored higher on explicit prejudice than women. The results are discussed against the background of related prejudice research, the dissociation of implicit and explicit prejudice, and gender differences in cognitive functioning, especially in the processing of pictorial stimuli.     

说"寓作于编"

一、从“述而不作”说起一般人对于古代中国学术的印象,往往是“述而不作”,这显然和强大的经典解释传统有关。注、疏、传、说、记、笺等虽各各不同,但它们从事的都是以经典为中心的述的工作。“述而不作,信而好古”,源出于《论语》,是夫子自道之辞。述是传述,作是造作,前者是述旧,后者是作新。孔子自称只是述旧而非作新,当然有谦虚的意味,①却也不妨看作是一句大实话。他的确只是在述旧,述《诗》《书》,述《礼》《乐》,自己并没有造作出新的文献。②但如果仅仅是“述”,似乎不能解释孔子在中国文化史上的崇高地位,这当然让我们重新思考述与…     

Timing matters: Negative emotion elicited 5 min but not 30 min or 45 min after learning enhances consolidation of internal-monitoring source memory

Two experiments examined the time-dependent effects of negative emotion on consolidation of item and internal-monitoring source memory. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 121) learned a list of words. They were asked to read aloud half of the words and to think about the remaining half. They were instructed to memorize each word and its associative cognitive operation (“reading” versus “thinking”). Immediately following learning they conducted free recall and then watched a 3-min either neutral or negative video clip when 5 min, 30 min or 45 min had elapsed after learning. Twenty-four hours later they returned to take surprise tests for item and source memory. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants, without conducting an immediate test of free recall, took tests of source memory for all encoded words both immediately and 24 h after learning. Experiment 1 showed that negative emotion enhanced consolidation of item memory (as measured by retention ratio of free recall) regardless of delay of emotion elicitation and that negative emotion enhanced consolidation of source memory when it was elicited at a 5 min delay but reduced consolidation of source memory when it was elicited at a 30 min delay; when elicited at a 45 min delay, negative emotion had little effect. Furthermore, Experiment 2 replicated the enhancement effect on source memory in the 5 min delay even when participants were tested on all the encoded words. The current study partially replicated prior studies on item memory and extends the literature by providing evidence for a time-dependent effect of negative emotion on consolidation of source memory based on internal monitoring.     

Abrupt, but not gradual visuomotor distortion facilitates adaptation in children with developmental coordination disorder

A previous experiment investigating visuomotor adaptation in typically developing children and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) suggested poor adaptation to an abruptly induced visuomotor perturbation. In the current study, using a similar center-out drawing task, but administering either an abrupt or a gradual perturbation, and twice as many adaptation trials, we show that typically developing children are well able to successfully update an existing internal model in response to a 60 degrees rotation of the visual feedback, independent of the perturbation condition. Children with DCD, however, updated their internal map more effectively during exposure to an abrupt visuomotor perturbation than to a gradual one. This may suggest that the adaptation process in children with DCD responds differently to small vs. large steps of visuomotor discrepancies. Given the known role of the cerebellum in providing an error signal necessary for updating the internal model in response to a gradual visuomotor distortion, the results of our study add to the growing body of evidence implicating compromised cerebellar function in DCD.     

人类自我意识的多重起源：兼论精神分裂症的进化论解释

将ＰｏｗｖｉｎｅｌｌｉａｎｄＣａｎｔ提出的栖处降服假说推广以生态位－亚生态位中的维数－参量之间的更一般的互相降服情景,提出了人类的自我意识的多重起源的假设及对精神分裂症作出了进化方面的解释,最后对意识起源之谜进行了探讨和推测：意识具有精炼信息的功能。