大学新生应对方式特点的研究

目的:探讨大学新生应对方式特点。方法:采用应对方式问卷对563名大学新生进行测量。结果:大学新生以使用成熟的应对方式(解决问题、求助)为主;在幻想因子上,性别和专业的主效应显著,女生得分比男生高,文科学生得分高于理科学生得分;在自责因子上,专业主效应显著,文科学生得分高于艺术体育类学生;在求助因子上,生源地的主效应显著,城市大学新生得分高于农村学生。结论:大学新生更多地使用成熟的应对方式;女生比男生更多地使用幻想的应对方式;文科学生比艺术体育类学生更多地使用自责的应对方式;文科学生比理科生更多地使用幻想的应对方式;农村学生比城市学生更少使用求助的应对方式。     

老年患者的外科治疗决策及围手术期处理

泌尿外科老年患者多,老年患者必然手术并发症多,手术死亡率高.虽然现在泌尿外科近70％的手术已进入了微创时代,手术时间大幅缩减,但是老年患者的临床决策仍常常是个非常纠结的问题,手术要达到什么目的?何时要做适当的放弃?除了充分的围手术期准备,医生要敢于承担,家属要充分理解和合作.     

双气囊小肠镜在小肠相关疾病中的应用进展

小肠及其相关疾病在所有消化道疾病中占有重要地位,对小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗一直存在相当大的困难,常规的内镜检查和治疗方法无法准确诊断和治疗小肠及其相关疾病,例如不明原因消化道出血,小肠肿瘤,胆胰管疾病等。双气囊小肠镜的出现为小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗提供一种全新的方法,内镜下进行小肠疾病治疗,例如小肠出血的止血、息肉的切除、肠腔狭窄扩张等,及各种相关的新技术、新方法层出不穷。本文就对双气囊小肠镜的应用前景和诊疗新进展做一综述。     

Testing a Poisson counter model for visual identification of briefly presented, mutually confusable single stimuli in pure accuracy tasks

The authors propose and test a simple model of the time course of visual identification of briefly presented, mutually confusable single stimuli in pure accuracy tasks. The model implies that during stimulus analysis, tentative categorizations that stimulus i belongs to category j are made at a constant Poisson rate, v(i, j). The analysis is continued until the stimulus disappears, and the overt response is based on the categorization made the greatest number of times. The model was evaluated by Monte Carlo tests of goodness of fit against observed probability distributions of responses in two extensive experiments and also by quantifications of the information loss of the model compared with the observed data by use of information theoretic measures. The model provided a close fit to individual data on identification of digits and an apparently perfect fit to data on identification of Landolt rings.     

超越弗雷格的“第三域”神话

<正>如达米特所指出的:"弗雷格关于思想及其构成涵义的看法是神话式的。这些恒久不变的实体居住在‘第三域’(the third realm),后者既不同于物理世界,也不同于任何经验主体的内心世界……。     

Musculoskeletal pain complaints and performance on cognitive tasks over the adult life span

The present study aimed at comparing participants with and without self reported musculoskeletal pain in a normal population with regard to performance on a range of tests for episodic memory, semantic memory, and other cognitive functions and to see if expected differences interacted with age. The results showed that participants with pain performed worse on a range of tasks as compared to participants without pain, and that these differences occurred regardless of age. The most robust effects of pain were displayed on tests for vocabulary and construction ability as these were the only effects that remained significant after controlling for years of education and reported depression in separate analyses. When depression and education were controlled for in the same analysis, even these effects were eliminated, suggesting interplay between pain, depressive status, and educational level in the negative effects on cognitive functioning.