Authorship in a small medical journal: A study of contributorship statements by corresponding authors

The authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) are widely accepted in biomedical journals, but many studies in large and prestigious journals show that a considerable proportion of authors do not fulfill these criteria. We investigated authorship contributions in a small medical journal outside the scientific mainstream, to see if poor adherence to authorship criteria is common in biomedical journals. We analyzed statements on research contribution, as checked by the corresponding author, for individual authors of 114 research articles, representing 475 authors, submitted to the Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ) from 1999 to 2000. Only 40% of authors fulfilled the ICMJE authorship criteria. The authors listed first on the by-line were more likely to fulfill the authorship criteria than all other authors on the by-line. The percentage of authors fulfilling the ICMJE criteria of authorship decreased with the increase in the number of authors listed on the by-line. These results indicate that poor adherence to ICMJE authorship criteria is poor across biomedical journals, regardless of the size of the scientific community. Authorship and contributorship in biomedical journals, as well as editorial ethical responsibilities towards authorship criteria need critical redefinition and education of both editors and authors.     

Behavioral and social development of children born extremely premature: 5-year follow-up

A cohort of extremely prematurely born children and matched term controls was assessed at 5 years of age. The parents completed a questionnaire on their behavioral and social development. The purpose was to illuminate whether the children's general intellectual ability and parental sensitivity were associated with behavioral and social development. The index children exhibited more hyperactive behavior and had poorer social skills than the controls. Lower Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) was associated with outward reacting and hyperactive behavior and poorer social skills. Sensitive parenting was associated with less outward reacting and less hyperactive behavior. When controlling for differences in FSIQ and parental sensitivity, the index children persisted to have an increased risk of exhibiting hyperactive behavior but not poorer social skills. The index children with normal intellectual development, however, did not exhibit more behavioral problems or poorer social skills than the control children did.     

父母学习陪伴与小学生学业不良的关系:亲子学业沟通的中介作用和学习负担的调节作用

采用父母学习陪伴问卷、亲子学业沟通问卷、学习负担量表和学业成绩自我评定量表对578名4-6年级小学生及家长进行调查,探讨父母学习陪伴与小学生学业不良的关系以及亲子学业沟通四个维度（成绩沟通、习惯沟通、态度沟通和方法沟通）的中介作用和学习负担的调节作用。结果发现：（1）父母学习陪伴对学业不良具有显著的负向预测作用;（2）亲子学业态度沟通和方法沟通在父母学习陪伴与学业不良的关系中起完全中介作用;（3）学习负担在亲子学业态度沟通与学业不良之间的调节作用显著。在低学习负担条件下,亲子学业态度沟通对学业不良的改善作用更为明显。本研究结果表明,提高父母学习陪伴的时间和陪伴质量、改善亲子学业沟通方式并适当降低学习负担,可能改善小学生的学业不良。     

冲动性特质对高中生自杀意念的影响:校园排斥与生命意义感的作用

采用冲动性特质量表、青少年遭受校园排斥问卷、生命意义感量表、自杀意念量表对633名高中生进行调查。结果表明:(1)冲动性特质对高中生自杀意念有显著的正向预测作用;(2)校园排斥在冲动性特质与高中生自杀意念间起部分中介作用;(3)冲动性特质经由校园排斥影响高中生自杀意念的中介作用受生命意义感的调节,随着生命意义感的增加,校园排斥对自杀意念的效应逐步减弱。冲动性特质可以通过校园排斥增加高中生自杀意念强度,而生命意义感能有效降低校园排斥对自杀意念的消极影响。     

Cerebral Palsy and Personality Traits,as Measured by the NEO PI-R—A Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), without psychiatric problems, have a divergent personality. Eighteen individuals with CP (11 women, 7 men) were included. Seventeen had spastic and one dyskinetic CP. The participants completed the personality inventory NEO-PI-R. The group had a low average value in the Openness domain scale. In facet scales, the study group was more fearful, had difficulties coping with stress, tended to keep in the background, found change difficult, had limited curiosity, and was relaxed in tempo, more altruistic, more humble, and more unable to get organized. There was a stereotypical gender result, with low results on Openness to aesthetics and feelings for males and higher vulnerability for women. The results may indicate that individuals with CP have a divergent personality compared to individuals in general.     

A moderated mediation analysis of children’s physical activity enjoyment

Grounded in expectancy value theory (EVT), a moderated mediation model predicting children’s physical activity (PA) enjoyment was tested. Ability beliefs and subjective task value were initially investigated as mediating the relationship between social support from friends and PA enjoyment. It was hypothesized that children play an active role in this socialization process with support seeking self-efficacy moderating the mediated relationships. Findings revealed PA social support from friends and PA enjoyment was mediated by PA ability beliefs, but this mediated relationship was conditional on children having average-to-high levels of support seeking self-efficacy. The mediated relationship between PA social support from friends and PA enjoyment through subjective task value was not moderated by support seeking self-efficacy. Results support the importance of instilling confidence in children to seek out PA support in order to maximize opportunities for PA enjoyment and suggest pathways may be more complex than originally posited in EVT.     

FOK产生机制的再验证

通过用有意义联系和无意义联系的两种中文词对作为识记材料,在以前实验研究基础上,进一步验证关于FOK(Feelingof Knowing)产生机制的两种理论假说,即靶项日记忆强度假说(或靶项目提取可能性假说)与线索熟悉性假说。实验结果表明,靶项目记忆强度和线索熟悉性程度都能决定FOK判断等级的高低,说明两种假说并非绝对对立,非此既彼。但此二因素都需达到一定程度,才能显著影响FOK判断等级的高低。     

艾滋病人的临终关怀

中国已经面临艾滋病人发病和死亡的高峰期.对艾滋病人开展临终关怀,长期以来并没有得到学术界应有的重视.强调在宽容原则的指导下,在理解和尊重的社会环境中,从生理、心理和心灵三个方面关怀艾滋病人,并指出对艾滋病人开展临终关怀具有重大的意义.     

论中药品种保护中的法律责任

中药品种保护是不同于专利保护、商标保护的一种新的中药保护模式.它带有浓厚的行政保护色彩.为了更好的保护我国中药知识产权,规范中药的生产和销售行为,应当完善现有的中药品种保护制度,重构中药品种保护中的责任机制,与其他知识产权保护方式相互结合,形成中药知识产权保护体系.