从明清文学作品看道教仙境观念世俗化

这篇文章主要介绍了道教仙境观念世俗化的几种基本表现方式,如仙境地理观念的改变、仙境的象征化和美学化以及这类变化中的道教观念在明清时期的文学作品中留下的明显痕迹。通过这样的比较,我们可以发现道教宗教观念在世俗化大趋势下所产生的种种演变以及随之而来所形成的巨大社会影响。     

Remembering things that never occurred: the effects of to-be-forgotten stereotypical information

Participants, 68 female and male nonpsychology university students, studied stereotypical and nonstereotypical words either with an initially activated social category (immigrant prime) or with no social category (neutral prime). They were then instructed to either forget or remember the studied words. This was followed by a recognition test. Based on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm and stereotype-accessibility research, we anticipated that the participants in the immigrant, but not in the neutral, prime condition would falsely recognize more nonstudied stereotypic attributes under a forget than a remember instruction. The results supported our hypothesis. Implications of the outcome for eyewitness testimony, juridical decision-making, and stereotype maintenance are discussed.     

Political socialization: A multivariate analysis of Swedish political attitude and preference data

Studied the socio-political attitudes and political party preferences of 532 Swedish high school students as a function of seven background variables: (I) the mother's political party preference, (2) the father's political party preference, (3) the mother's education, (4) the father's education, (5) the mother's income, (6) the father's income and (7) social class identification. Multiple classification analysis and multivariate nominal analysis were used to uncover the most important possible determinants of political socialization of the youth in both bivariate and multivariate aspects. The results showed that, of the seven predictor or background variables studied, only three had any substantial relationship with socio-political attitudes and political party preferences of the youth: (a) the mother's political party preference, (b) class identification and (c) the father's political party preference in that general order of importance. Furthermore, the superiority of the mother's political party preference over the father's political party preference was especially marked for girls. Among other things, the results also disclosed that ‘left-wing’ youth tended to be more loyal to parental political beliefs than ‘moderate’ and ‘right-wing’ youth. Several alternative explanations were proposed for these findings.     

人本主义健康人格和儒家理想人格的比较研究

人格心理学的研究不仅应注重对心理现象的理解,更应该致力于人类心理问题的解决和人类心理生活质量的提高。对健康人格(或理想人格)的追求,是东西方思想家为之不懈的努力。人本主义健康人格和儒家理想人格是东西方两种理想的人格模式,虽然东西方文化传统所赋予的内容不同,但都是一种人生发展的目标。本文对两者进行了比较研究,认为两者既有差异之处,又有相似之处,同时两者对塑造现代人格有很大启示。     

多动症儿童教育方式研究

本文选取35名多动症儿童为被试,采用《康纳多动症评分量表》对经医学确诊的多动症儿童进行可疑程度分析。采用姚树桥、龚耀先编制的《儿童适应行为评定量表》对被试的社会适应行为进行评量。结果表明:多动症儿童在不同程度上存在适应行为问题,特别是在社会责任方面的水平较低,从年龄发展来看多动症儿童在小学三、四年级时适应水平最低。据此提出教育训练的重点和教育建议。     

基层医院年轻医生临床素质现状分析及培养对策

本文对基层医院年轻医生临床素质的现状进行分析,指出了文化层次、福利待遇、带教培养、质控意识、科研热情、人文修养和医疗环境等方面存在的缺陷和不足是导致基层医院年轻医生临床素质低的重要原因。同时呼吁政府加大投入和确保医疗环境安全,加强年轻医生政治思想教育,树立正确的人生观和良好的医德医风,具备良好的心理素质、较好的人文修养和过硬的沟通能力,强化质控意识,引导和培养年轻医生加强临床知识积累,掌握科学的思维方法,从而促进科研水平的提高。     

The counselor perspective on the use of directives in counseling in China: Are directives different in China as in the United States?

Eight Chinese counselors were interviewed about their use of directives in counseling. They typically believed that directives can be beneficial in counseling Chinese clients. They used directives to extend the influence of counseling beyond sessions, meet client needs and expectations, and fit their own personality and orientation. In terms of conditions that need to be met for directives to be helpful, they identified client factors such as readiness, communication styles, past experience, and insight; the counselor factor of ability to communicate directives; and the therapeutic relationship. They emphasized the importance of clients acquiring a new perspective as a result of directives. Cultural factors in using directives are discussed.     

Formation of profuse <c+a> dislocations in deformed calcium-containing magnesium alloys

We report that <c+a> pyramidal slipping could be more easily activated in textured Mg–Ca alloys with increasing Ca contents dissolved in α-Mg matrix under tensile deformation, and it is proposed that the decreased stacking fault energy plays the critical rule. In contrast, only twins and <a> basal dislocations are observed in the compressed samples. The results would provide insight into understanding of the deformation mechanism and designing more ductile Mg alloys.