Anxiety in Swedish School Children: Situational Specificity,Informant Variability and Coping Strategies

In a school sample, 463 Swedish children aged between 8 and 12 years reported their experience of anxiety during 11 "typical" home and school setting activities. In addition to rating the frequency and type of anxiety experienced, the children reported whether they used coping strategies to reduce their anxiety. Parents and teachers also rated the anxiety levels in the same children. Nine percent of the children reported that they experienced anxiety "often" during at least 1 of the 11 home and school activities and 1.5% reported an anxiety level of "often" averaged across all of the 11 activities. The parents reported that 9% of the children experienced "moderate" to "very much" anxiety levels averaged across the home-related activities, whereas the teachers reported that 38.5% of the children had such anxiety levels at school. Overall, the children's ratings of their frequency levels of anxiety were found to depend more on age than on gender. The children and their parents both regarded anxiety to be most common during "leaving home for school" and "going to bed at night" activities. The correspondence between child, parent and teacher reports of overall anxiety in the children was low; similar findings were obtained for anxiety among children in the various setting activities. The 8-year-old children reported a higher use of various coping strategies than did the 12-year-olds. The results are discussed in view of the current literature on anxiety and fears in children.     

Connecting Experience and Economy—Aspects of Disguised Positioning

The focus of this article is the use of experience made within the literature of the “new” economical discipline of experience economy. By combining a methodological individualism with a causal and dehumanising picture of the process of experience, this discipline conceives economic interactions as acts of autonomy. These acts, it is claimed, are part of economical instrumental reason restructuring itself by using experiences as tools in convincing consumers that they are free to pursue their respective paths of lives. Described through the use of positioning theory, however, this turns out to be a result of an effort of equipping consumers with a new economic norm of forced positioning disguised as deliberate self-positioning.     

汉字形码和音码的整体性对部件识别的影响

本实验从分析汉字整体知觉的具体表现形式入手,通过三个实验探讨字的整体知觉对部件知觉的影响。实验一以分解方式为变量,考查字形整体知觉对部件识别的影响,发现识别不同结构的字的部件之活动受知觉分解路线(如顺读或逆读)的影响。作者认为这种分解方式效应很可能跟部位有关。实验二证实了这一分析,并进而认为部位效应又跟部位与字形整体知觉的紧密程度有关。实验三以语音码为变量,发现成字部件的字音与整体字语音一致者(形声字),其分解知觉成绩比不一致者(非形声字)有明显的优势。这意味着,整体字音知觉的单一性对部件知觉的作用。最后,本研究还考查了部件识别法的有效性,并认为在研究知觉的整体与部分关系问题时,该法不失为一种新的实验范型。     

影响视觉复合刺激中整体和局部性质加工的几种因素

文章研究了视知觉组织,空间位置不确定性和视野位置等因素对复合刺激中整体和局部性质加工的影响。实验发现,（１）当复合刺激呈现在白背景上时,反应时和干扰作用都表明复复合刺激中大图的加工优于小图,刺激位置的不确定削弱大图对小图的干扰作用;而当复合刺激呈现在由“＋”组成的背影或时,小图的加工优于大图,刺激位置的不确定延长分辩小图的ＲＴ;（２）与周国刺激相比,分辨视野中央的复合刺激的ＲＴ较短,这种影响对分辨     

在押毒品犯人格的基本特征及其相关因素的研究

本研究以 3 78名在押毒品犯为被试 ,以CPI为测量工具 ,探讨了在押毒品犯的基本特征和类型特征 ,并采用方差分析技术研究了影响毒品犯人格的若干因素。结果发现 ,与对照组相比 ,在押毒品犯除了在“自我控制”分量表上未发现显著差异外 ,其余的 1 9个分量表上均有显著差异 ;在押毒品犯在四种人格类型上的分布不平衡 ,主要集中在Delta类型 ;年龄、关押时间对毒品犯的人格特征的变异有一定影响 ,而减刑次数的影响不显著     

沟通、意义和组织化行动研究

组织化行动对组织发展和学习意义很大。有一种观点认为,组织化行动由成员之间的共识而引发;但又有另一种观点认为组织化行为产生的基础在于交换而不在于共识。本研究试图综合以上两种看法,指出等效型意义能够带来组织化或集体性行为。有效的沟通机制能够创造维持等效型意义。     

中国古代小说视野中的民众“仙界”观念

道教创立后,在汲取古代神话传说及民间信仰基础上,形成了自己的神仙境界系统,并对中国文学产生了巨大影响。“仙境”的观念早在道教之前就存在。虽然道教产生后在汲取“仙境”传说基础上形成了宗教色彩更浓的神仙境界理论,但“仙境”本身并非是一个纯宗教范畴。从最早的乐园神话开始,“仙境”就是中国先民集体意识中和谐富裕、平和安乐生活的象征,是中国人理想生活的一个缩影以及隐蔽在他们心灵深处的一个美好梦想。道教在先民原有的“仙境”思想的基础,又构造了自己的神仙谱系。道教认为,神仙有不同等级,居于不同的仙境,《太平经》分神仙为…     

Transformation of Miller indices in twinned structures

Abstract

The parent–twin transformation equations derived by Mügge and subsequent workers have been reinvestigated in view of the observation that these equations produce similar, but not numerically identical, transformations. The current study suggests that, from the point of view of the classical orientation relations, the assumptions made in several derivations are applicable only to special transformation situations.     

PROBABILITY DISCORDANCE AND CHOICE REACTION TIME: I. Effects of discordant probability on choice reaction time during prolonged training

Successive development of disinhibitory action over long monotonous training periods was studied with choice RT stimuli possessing discordant properties related to their relative frequency and the direction of movement. The results indicate that stimuli with strong initial proactive interference on ensuing reaction to the critical probe-stimulus become, with prolonged training, the least interfering.