EFL大学生英文写作元认知的因素及发展趋势

该研究通过文献查阅、访谈、问卷调查、测验等方法编制了《汉语为母语的EFL大学生英文写作元认知量表》,由英文写作元认知知识(优点了解、缺点了解、语言策略知识、作文标准了解)、体验(完成感、努力感)和调控(准备与计划、监督与调节)三个维度构成,内部一致性信度较高;元认知知识对作文水平的区分度最高。大学生英文写作元认知从1年级到3年级逐渐提高,2~3年级的发展速度快于1~2年级。     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》自我分量表的编制

理论上建构了心理健康素质自我结构模型,依此模型编制了心理健康素质自我量表。以武汉市的青少年为样本(N=390),初步获得信度与效度指标。自我认知、自我评价和自我调控3个二级结构的α系数分别为0.81、0.76和0.59。验证性因素分析的结果初步支持本研究所提出的自我的三级结构模型。     

Psychological autopsies: methods and ethics

Essential knowledge on suicide is derived from studies that include interviews with survivors. In this paper, we discuss methodological and ethical issues pertaining to the interview method known as "psychological autopsy"; the discussion is based on our application of the method to three studies of suicides in Sweden and on a review of other investigations. Interviewing a survivor is a delicate matter, and the integrity of the deceased, the integrity and health of the informant, and the psychological strain on the interviewer must all be taken into consideration. The interviewer should have clinical experience in order to be prepared to deal with interviewees in grief. Contact by telephone, followed by an introductory letter, provides an opportunity to meet survivors in an empathic manner and has a low rejection rate. A 2- to 6-month interval between suicide and interview is recommended. The survivor's reactions to the interview should be evaluated in order to expand the empirical base for ethical considerations. Studies on the validity and reliability of the method are necessary.     

60年代以后苏联心理学对自我意识问题的研究述略

本文概要介绍了60年代以后,特别是80年代以来苏联心理学对自我意识的研究。这些研究主要有四个方面:1.自我意识的实质、地位和发展因素;2.自我意识的结构;3.自我意识的发生;4.对西方自我意识研究的态度。作者认为,苏联心理学对自我意识的研究始终坚持了唯物主义传统;苏联对自我意识的研究70年代以后达到一个新的水平,但仍有很多问题没解决;苏联心理学者近期十分注意西方学者对自我意识的研究,但在研究的广度、实验技术和已积累的资料等方面,距西方仍有一定距离。     

Practice and some methodological problems in unidimensional information transmission

Fifty circular lights differir.g in diameter from 4 to 53 cm and increasing by 1 cm were presented 135 times each to five Ss who were asked to identify each circle. Presentations were in random order. Indices of information transmission (T), response equivocation H S(R), and response uncertainty H(R) were calculated for different phases of the experiment for individual and pooled (across Ss) responses. Results have shown systematic rising of transmission and lowering of H S(R), while H(R) remained almost constant. All transmission indices calculated from pooled responses were systematically lower than comparable indices calculated from individual responses. Individual and pooled T values calculated from all responses given during the experiment were not representative for the level of identification performance at the end of the experiment. Conclusions were reached that (1) channel capacity indices should not be calculated from all individual responses given during the experiment or from pooled responses of different Ss, and (2) indices of channel capacity should be calculated only after the performance of Ss has reached a final and stable level, which means after enough repetitions of each stimulus.     

Test of a psychological cost-benefit model for career choice

A psychological cost-benefit model for career choice was applied to the choice situation after high school graduation. Especially tested were the construct validity and predictive validity of the components of the model. Psychological cost, benefit, and profit scales, with regard to continued education, were constructed on the basis of questionnaire data from 421 high school seniors. The analyses showed a clear, positive relationship between psychological benefit-profit and level of aspiration with regard to continued education. This outcome was regarded as an indication of construct validity for the components of the model. Moreover, groups differing as to post high school choice differed markedly, and in the expected direction, as to psychological cost-benefit-profit. Thus, the model showed high predictive validity with respect to post high school choice, which was also supported by a probability analysis. The results were, in general, more pronounced for boys than for girls.     

条件反射性免疫调节的动物研究

心理神经免疫学是一个新兴的跨学科研究领域,其研究内容涉及许多方面。其中条件反射性免疫调节是心理神经免疫学研究中最引人注目的研究领域。本文着重介绍了有关条件反射性免疫药理学效应及抗原作为非条件刺激所致的条件反射性的免疫效应的基本的实验设计和研究方法,讨论了对其实验结果的不同解释,对条件反射性免疫效应方向的预测及所包含的学习过程也进行了一定的分析。     

婴幼儿消极行为特征与影响母亲抚养困难的因素

以５７２名１－６岁儿童的母亲为研究对象,探讨了婴幼儿消极行为特征在各年龄组的分布、与母亲抚养困难的关系,并考察了在儿童消极行为较多情况下,与母亲抚养困难有关联的若干因素。结果表明;１．儿童消极行为特征的分布在各年龄组水平上是相似的。２．儿童的消极行为特征与母亲的抚养困难有显著的正相关。３．在儿童消极行为较多的情况下,母亲的职业、文化程度、生产年龄、婚姻关系及获得社会支持的程度等因素与母亲抚养困难有密切的关系。     

儿童青少年大脑认知功能事件相关电位P_（300）的年龄特征

从发展心理学的角度．对幼儿到大学六个年龄组的儿童青少年进行了事件相关电位Ｐ_（３００）测定．结果发现：反映大脑认知功能的事件相关电位Ｐ_（３００）各成分随着年龄增长而发展的趋势十分明显,从而进一步说明了认知发展的特点与大脑高级神经系统活动功能发展特点的密切关系。