Turn of Fortune in Psychoanalysis: The 1924 Rank Debates and the Origins of Hermeneutic Psychoanalysis

The history of psychoanalysis can be characterized by conflicts that besides their personal content meant a closure and an opening in the development of the theorecial and practical (self )understanding of the discipline. The 1923-24 conflict that resulted in the separation of Rank from the movement and showed the first signs of uneasiness against the mainstream of psychoanalysis in Ferenczi's approach is relatively less known. However, its theoretical, or more general: discoursive impact on psychoanalysis was enormous.The debate took place among the top leaders of the movement, Rank and Ferenczi on one side, Jones, Abraham, Sachs on the other. In the center of the discussion there were two books, The Trauma of Birth by Rank and the The Development of Psychoanalysis by Ferenczi and Rank. With the help of documents I try to show that Freud first supported his Vienna-Budapest friends, later changed over to the other camp. As a general effect, I suggest that this debate resulted in the withdrawal from the earlier more hermeneutic-dialogical, therapy centered psychoanalysis toward a medical, objective, systematic and metapsychology oriented discipline. Besides the general theoretical change the power centers of psychoanalysis shifted toward West, Vienna and Budapest was substituted first by Berlin, later by London and New York.     

Time-dependent adhesion of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer film to a flat indenter tip characterized using a cohesive-zone law

The work of adhesion between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer film and a flat diamond tip was measured by instrumented indentation. The results showed that the apparent work of adhesion between the tip and the PDMS film increases with increasing dwell time and retreating velocity; on the other hand, the indentation depth has no significant effect on adhesion. The indentation experiment was analysed with viscoelastic finite element simulations with rate-dependent cohesive elements, from which the time evolution of adhesion was quantitatively implemented into a rate-dependent cohesive-zone law.     

Density evolution during the growth of disc-shaped aluminium nanoparticles on a liquid surface

Aluminium (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully fabricated on a liquid surface by thermal evaporation at room temperature. The Al NPs exhibit a disc-shaped morphology with mean diameter and height in the ranges 20–35 and 1.3–3.7?nm, respectively. As the nominal film thickness increases from 0.02 to 0.18?nm, the mean diameter and height are nearly independent of the thickness, implying that the density of the NPs increases during their growth. An explanation for this phenomenon is presented.     

Computer-aided analysis of grain-boundary connectivity of B10 copper-nickel alloys

A numerical calculation method based on the angle in a triple junction composed of a random grain boundary is proposed to predict the connectivity and stability of a grain boundary in a B10 copper-nickel alloy. The grain-boundary connectivity and its effect on corrosion resistance are studied combining computer-aided analysis with electrochemical impedance testing. The results show that the prediction of corrosion resistance using a grain-boundary connectivity numerical method is consistent with immersion experimental results. The B10 alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after cold rolling with a 9% reduction rate. The relationship between the grain-boundary characteristics and corrosion resistance is well established using the numerical method to quantify the grain-boundary connectivity. A higher connective frequency and a low proportion of grain-boundary angles between 60° and 180° in the triple junction is detrimental to corrosion resistance of the B10 alloy.     

精神障碍患者非自愿住院医疗法律规制之原则

基于对社会权利秩序的维护和对精神障碍患者个体权利的恢复,非自愿住院医疗有存在的必要性,但又涉及到对自由权的剥夺,衡平其中的矛盾在于对非自愿住院医疗进行正当的法律规制,探讨了精神障碍患者非自愿住院医疗法律规制应当遵循的法定原则、法律价值权衡原则、最小限制原则、比例原则、医疗目的原则和司法审查原则.     

An individual's work values in career development

This study examined the mediation effect of career decision self‐efficacy in relation to work values and career decision status. The authors surveyed 308 college students about their own intrinsic (e.g., helping others) and extrinsic (e.g., high income) work values and those of significant others, career decision self‐efficacy, and career decision status. The results indicated that the intrinsic and extrinsic work values of significant others were related to the intrinsic and extrinsic work values of the self and that intrinsic work values were more adaptive than extrinsic work values in career development.     

先秦推类方法的模式构造及有效性问题

援类而推的方法,是中国先秦时代特有的并广泛使用的一种思维方法。对于这种推类方法,古代先贤只给出了一系列的语义说明,没有而且也不可能给出一个形式语言的语形说明。如借助现象对事物的状态和功能及其所具有的规律进行描述的科学认识方法,我们今天可以尝试着给它构造一个推理模式,并通过分析它的思维进程、根据、推导原则及违反原则的错误,展现它的特点、能够成立的有效性及世代相传的普遍适用性。并进而了解其背后的逻辑原则、文化传统、人文精神,从逻辑与文化的角度增强我们对传统思维方法论意义、文化认同意义的感受。并在全球化的浪潮中,在越来越广泛的文化交流与沟通中,促进对传统思维方式的辩证扬弃,促进不同文化之间思维方式的沟通。     

奖励影响注意选择的认知加工机制

奖励不仅能够塑造行为, 也能影响个体的内部心理过程。在注意选择过程中, 与奖励联结的刺激能够吸引注意资源。当目标刺激与奖励联结时, 能够易化注意选择过程; 当分心刺激与奖励联结时, 能够阻碍注意选择过程。可见, 奖励从不同角度对注意选择产生影响。奖励对注意选择的影响可能有其特有的认知机制, 并且奖励对注意的捕获效应受到许多因素的调节, 如奖励预测、工作记忆容量、人格特质及刺激的新异性。未来的研究应该尝试将奖励影响注意选择的研究成果应用于不良注意偏向临床干预的实践领域。