Impact of Handedness Consistency on Bimanual and Unimanual Continuous Movements

Bimanual coordination is an essential human function requiring efficient interhemispheric communication to produce coordinated movements. Previous research suggests a “bimanual advantage” phenomenon, where completing synchronized bimanual tasks results in less variability than unimanual tasks. Additionally, of hand dominance has been shown to influence coordinated performance. The present study examined the bimanual advantage in individuals with consistent and inconsistent handedness. It was predicted that participants with consistent handedness would not display a bimanual advantage unlike those with inconsistent handedness. Fifty-six young adults completed a finger-tapping paradigm in five conditions: unimanual tapping with either left or right hand, in-phase bimanual tapping, and out-of phase bimanual tapping led by either left or right hand. Results were not consistent with the hypothesis that participants with consistent handedness displayed the “bimanual advantage”. However, the “bimanual advantage” was not evident for the inconsistent handers when the temporal consistency was measured with either the left or right hand only. Overall, the “bimanual advantage” may be dependent upon consistency of hand preference, as well as the direction of hand dominance.     

Psychopathy in a forensic sample – the factor structure of the PCL:SV in a Danish forensic sample

The research literature reveals an ongoing debate regarding the most appropriate conceptualization of psychopathic personality disorder. Specifically, it is discussed to what degree antisocial behavior is part of the conceptualization of the psychopathy construct and what constitutes the best factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist scales. The aim of the present study is to consider the underlying factor structure of the PCL:SV (Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version) in a Danish sample as well as considering the role of antisocial behavior in the psychopathy construct. Data from a Danish forensic patient sample (N = 225) was used and item response theory (IRT), aonfirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equations model (SEM) analyses were carried out. Overall, the findings suggest appropriate item and model fit for the PCL:SV as well as superiority of the three‐factor model over the four‐factor model. The results are discussed in relation to the broader concept of personality disorder as well as clinical practice in regards to violence risk assessments and treatment of psychopathy.     

伦理与法律对冲下的代孕思考

人类辅助生殖技术的进步使代孕成为可能,因女性子宫机能障碍而丧失生育能力的夫妇可以借别人的子宫获得与自己有遗传关系的子女,因而代孕有其社会必然性,合理的非商业化的代孕渐被多数国家接受并立法。我国禁止任何形式的代孕,但是近年来国内不少地区代孕现象屡见报端。通过对代孕现象的探讨分析,建议应从对社会和个人有利的原则出发,制定相应的伦理规范和严格的法律政策,允许代孕技术的合理应用。     

从主文化视角看20世纪我国社会道德规范体系的演变与重建

根据社会学关于主文化的理论观点,可以将主义化细分为主导文化、主体文化、主流文化.回顾20世纪中国文化的发展历程,可以看到,主文化在三个维度上一直处在消长与变革之中,并由此使社会道德规范体系呈现出相应的演变历程.针对改革开放后我国社会道德规范体系"碎片化"的态势,要大力建设以"社会主义和谐文化"为标志的主文化,紧紧抓住社会主义核心价值体系这个根本,尊重差异、包客多样,构建中国特色社会主义道德规范体系.     

Environment modifies the association between depression symptoms and smoking among adolescents.

Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between depression and smoking, but the mechanism underlying the relationship is not well understood. This study examined whether the prevalence of smoking in schools influences the relationship between smoking and depression symptoms at the individual level. Information on demographics, tobacco use, and depression symptoms for 3,382 students in Grades 7-12 from 126 schools in Ontario, Canada, was obtained from the 2003 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (E. Adlaf & A. Paglia, 2003). The effect of school-level smoking was strongly negative (coefficient = -1.05, p = .01), suggesting that depression and smoking at the individual level were strongly related in schools with a lower smoking prevalence but that this relationship diminished as the prevalence of smoking increased. Contextual effects may be important to understanding the link between smoking and depression in adolescents.     

口腔修复体制作技术发展的辩证思考

口腔修复体制作技术发展经历了从手工操作到计算机辅助制作、从“去材成形”到“增材制造”、从间接制造到直接制造发展阶段。回顾和分析口腔修复学技术发展中存在的基本矛盾以及矛盾对立统一运动的基本规律,有助于口腔医生自觉地培养和建立自然辩证观念,提高辩证思维能力,更好地把握口腔修复学发展趋势和规律。     

口腔修复体制作技术发展的辩证思考

口腔修复体制作技术发展经历了从手工操作到计算机辅助制作、从"去材成形"到"增材制造"、从间接制造到直接制造发展阶段.回顾和分析口腔修复学技术发展中存在的基本矛盾以及矛盾对立统一运动的基本规律,有助于口腔医生自觉地培养和建立自然辩证观念,提高辩证思维能力,更好地把握口腔修复学发展趋势和规律.     

Category and stereotype activation revisited

In Study 1 (N= 230), we found that the participants' explicit prejudice was not related to their knowledge of cultural stereotypes of immigrants in Sweden, and that they associated the social category immigrants with the same national/ethnic categories. In Study 2 (N= 88), employing the category and stereotype words obtained in Study 1 as primes, we examined whether participants with varying degrees of explicit prejudice differed in their automatic stereotyping and implicit prejudice when primed with category or stereotypical words. In accord with our hypothesis, and contrary to previous findings, the results showed that people's explicit prejudice did not affect their automatic stereotyping and implicit prejudice, neither in the category nor stereotype priming condition. Study 3 (N= 62), employing category priming using facial photographs of Swedes and immigrants as primes, showed that participants' implicit prejudice was not moderated by their explicit prejudice. The outcome is discussed in relation to the distinction between category and stereotype priming and in terms of the associative strength between a social category and its related stereotypes.     

Persistence of stereotypic behavior: examining the effects of external reinforcers

Basic research has shown that behavioral persistence is often positively related to rate of reinforcement. This relation, expressed in the metaphor of behavioral momentum, has potentially important implications for clinical application. The current study examined one prediction of the momentum metaphor for automatically reinforced behavior. Participants were 3 children who had been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and who engaged in stereotypic behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. Results suggested that stereotypic behavior was more resistant to disruption following periods of access to preferred stimuli delivered on a variable-time schedule than following periods without access to preferred stimuli. The implications of these findings for the treatment of automatically reinforced behavior are discussed.