中药之“毒”概念的历史考察与现代启示

中药之“毒”由来已久,从食物中脱离的“毒药”与早期医学建立联系,随后在《黄帝内经》中形成中药之“毒”的理论框架,历经两千多年临床实践的丰富与发展,一个具有辩证逻辑的中药之“毒”理论体系最终得以呈现,在近现代科学思想影响下,中药之“毒”概念又有了新的突破。中药之“毒”概念的变迁史,也是与中医理论体系的关系史,在变迁历程中体现的直观性、模糊性、稳定性以及融合性四大特征有助于科学认识中药之“毒”,进而得出中药安全性研究应合乎中医自身特色,为解决当下中药安全性争议提供思路。

     

初中生感知校园氛围与网络游戏成瘾的关系:学业自我效能感的中介效应与父母学业卷入的调节效应

采用问卷法对462名初中生进行调查,考察了初中生学业自我效能感在感知校园氛围与网络游戏成瘾(Internet gaming disorder, IGD)关系间的中介效应,以及父母学业卷入对这一中介过程的调节效应。结果发现:(1)在控制了性别、年龄、家庭月收入和父母受教育水平后,感知校园氛围显著负向预测初中生IGD;(2)学业自我效能感在感知校园氛围与IGD关系间起着显著的部分中介效应;(3)父母学业卷入对中介路径"感知校园氛围→学业自我效能感→IGD"具有显著的调节效应,即相对于父母学业卷入水平低的初中生而言,这一间接效应对于父母学业卷入水平高的初中生更强。实践干预时,可以通过提高青少年的学业自我效能感和/或调整父母学业卷入程度来预防和控制青少年IGD。     

一些传统药物为何退出“历史舞台”

一个与当前的社会热点问题——药品价格虚高问题同样重要的问题——许多安全有效的传统药物正在退出“历史舞台”的问题,应该引起社会各界的足够重视,传统药物不应被抛弃。因为人们对于传统药物的了解,无论是在药理作用上,还是在不良反应方面,都大大优于新药。     

Relative numerousness judgment and summation in young and old Western lowland gorillas

The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 11 Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the gorillas' ability to select the larger of 2 food quantities before and with training. The majority of gorillas did not reliably select the larger quantity in Experiment 1 until receiving training to do so in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 evaluated their ability to select the larger of 2 pairs of quantities. All gorillas selected the larger pair more often than chance, and the old were less accurate and slower than were the young. For most gorillas, performance in relative numerousness judgment with training and summation was comparable with previous reports in chimpanzees and orangutans.     

閃光頻率的辨認和等辨量表

一、問題 应某种实际需要,我們必須在閃光頻率低頻的一端选择几个适当信号,以保証人对它們的辨认达到最高准确性。国外心理学家多利用等辨量表作为选择信号的手段。所謂等辨量表,是根据人对某种刺激的辨孰程度繪制的一条曲綫,在等辨量表上纵座标的等距,代表同等程度的可辨性或混淆性。据証明,依照等辨量表上的等距所选择的信号,可以传递更多的信息。F. Attneave, W. R. Garner & H. W. Hake, E. A. Alluisi & R. C. Sidorsky等,对于不同感受系統的刺激曾进行过等辨量表的研究。J. Cohen和A. J.     

童年期友谊质量与孤独感的纵向发展关系:应对方式的共变作用分析

为了揭示童年期友谊质量与孤独感的纵向发展关系,以771名小学3、4年级学生为对象,采用友谊质量问卷、孤独感问卷和应对方式问卷进行了为期2年的纵向追踪。结果表明：(1)在纵向发展上,童年期儿童的友谊质量无法持续稳定地预测孤独感的纵向发展,但孤独感可以持续显著预测友谊质量的发展;(2)童年期儿童的应对方式既可以显著预测友谊质量的纵向发展,也可以显著预测孤独感的纵向发展。结论：在纵向发展上,童年期儿童的友谊质量与孤独感呈共同变化关系,两者的发展轨迹均受第三因素——应对方式发展的影响。     

Intergenerational transmission: The individuation process and the capacity for intimacy of adult children of holocaust survivors

This article deals with the intergenerational processes of adult children of Holocaust surviors. By exploring their level of individuation from the parental family and their capacity for intimacy with spouses, the research findings reveal that: Adult children of survivors are emotionally more interconnected to their parents than are their counterparts (using the MIS). Adult children of survivors have a lower intimacy capacity with their spouses in comparison with the control group. These findings are explained from an intergenerational perspective regarding a post-traumatic population.Received PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison. Current research in the individuation process throughout adulthood, and the post-traumatic effect of Holocaust survivors.     

Co-constructed narratives around being “sick”: A minimalist model

The amount of physical damage may have no fixed relation to how much and in what ways a patient's life is disrupted. The authors discuss a model which addresses the bio-psycho-social complexity of a patient's illness and the narrative constructions which the patient, family members, and health care professionals influence to co-create the patient's identification with being sick. This minimalist model invites the reader to consider a variety of interrelated variable lenses through which to view the narratives around a patient's illness. Clinical case examples are used to illustrate the dominant story themes.     

Learning symbolic-experiential therapy: One approach

This paper is intended to serve as a stimulus to the thinking of students regarding ways in which they might better organize their symbolic training experiences. It illustrates how one supervisee derived a conceptual framework from the literature that made it easier to track process events and organize her training experiences. The authors believe it is important to discover ways to facilitate the learning process without operationalizing the approach.director of training and research and professor of family therapy in the same department.