排序方式: 共有126条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
旋转汉字识别的眼动特性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
该文以客观眼动测量方法考察了单个旋转汉字的识别和由旋转汉字组成的短文的阅读过程。对心理旋转操作在汉字辨认过程中的作用及其操作对象进行了探讨。 相似文献
22.
Context specificity of operant discriminative performance in pigeons: II. Necessary and sufficient conditions
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Thomas DR Empedocles S Morrison SK Bing MN 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1993,60(2):313-329
Six experiments were performed to explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for producing context specificity of discriminative operant performance in pigeons. In Experiment 1, pigeons learned a successive discrimination (red S+/blue S−) in two chambers that had a particular odor present and between which they were frequently switched. The birds subsequently learned the reversal (blue S+/ red S−) in one of these chambers with a different odor present. When switched to the alternative chamber, although the odor and the reinforcement contingency were still appropriate to the reversal, performance appropriate to the original discrimination recurred in subjects for which the houselights were on during training and testing but not for those for which the houselights were off. This indicated the importance of visual contextual cues in producing context specificity. Experiment 2 showed that the frequent switching between boxes in initial training was of no consequence, presumably because the apparatus cues were highly salient to the subjects. Experiment 3 showed significantly less context specificity when odor cues were omitted. Experiment 4 showed that simply using a different reinforced stimulus in each phase of training was ineffective in producing context specificity. Experiment 5 showed that the generalization test procedure used in Experiment 4 was sensitive to context specificity when discrimination-reversal training was used with different odors in the two training phases. Experiment 6 replicated the results of Experiment 4, but then showed that when different odors accompanied the two training phases, context specificity was obtained with the single-stimulus paradigm. Thus in both single-stimulus and discrimination-reversal paradigms, redundant odor cues potentiated learning about apparatus cues. 相似文献
23.
Wei Li Shuer Ye Bing Zhu Morris Hoffman Jia Zhou Qun Yang 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2023,17(2):335-350
Emotions affects moral judgements, and controlled cognitive processes regulate those emotional responses during moral decision making. However, the neurobiological basis of this interaction is unclear. We used a graph theory measurement called participation coefficient (‘PC’) to quantify the resting-state functional connectivity within and between four meta-analytic groupings (MAGs) associated with emotion generation and regulation, to test whether that measurement predicts individual differences in moral foundations-based values. We found that the PC of one of the MAGs (MAG2) was positively correlated with one of the five recognized moral foundations–the one based on harm avoidance. We also found that increased inter-module connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus with other nodes in the four MAGs was likewise associated with higher endorsement of the Harm foundation. These results suggest that individuals' sensitivity to harm is associated with functional integration of large-scale brain networks of emotional regulation. These findings add to our knowledge of how individual variations in our moral values could be reflected by intrinsic brain network organization and deepen our understanding of the relationship between emotion and cognition during evaluations of moral values. 相似文献
24.
Leonard A. Jason Susan Torres-Harding Fred Friedberg Katrina Corradi Mary Gloria Njoku Julie Donalek Nadia Reynolds Molly Brown Bing Bing Weitner Alfred Rademaker Morris Papernik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(4):275-296
Non-pharmacological behavioral treatments for CFS have been suggested as promising. These trials have tested protocols composed
of behavioral, cognitive and cognitive–behavioral interventions but there have been few efforts to differentially evaluate
their outcomes. The primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse delivered non-pharmacologic
interventions. In the present study, 114 participants diagnosed with CFS were randomly assigned to four 6-month interventions.
The interventions were: cognitive–behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, anaerobic activity, and a relaxation control group.
The study found that these interventions led to increases in several areas of functioning, with more consistent changes occurring
among those participants in the cognitive condition. For the 25 variables in this study, significant change occurred for 28%,
20%, 16%, and 12% of the variables for the cognitive, cognitive behavior therapy, anaerobic activity, and relaxation conditions,
respectively. However, the majority of participants continued to be diagnosed with CFS following the treatment trial. Implications
of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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26.
Mark N. Bing H. Kristl Davison Jack Smothers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2014,22(2):165-178
A recent line of research has investigated the frame‐of‐reference effect on personality scale scores, in which self‐report personality items are contextualized to the specific performance setting (e.g., work, school) within which the performance criterion is gathered. Contextualization has been shown to increase both the reliability and the criterion‐related validity of the personality scale scores by facilitating the self‐presentation of respondents, and by more closely measuring the personality construct relevant to the performance domain. The current research extends this area of personality research in two ways. First, this study tests the generalizability of the effectiveness of item‐level contextualization within an organizational setting. Second, this study also provides the necessary test of the incremental validity of this contextualized approach to personality measurement above and beyond the traditional, noncontextualized approach. The results confirm that a work‐specific personality measure, contextualized at the item level, adds to the prediction of job performance above and beyond that obtained by a noncontextual measure of the same personality traits. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
27.
癌症疼痛是一种复杂和多维的感受,与心理和社会因素相互影响。本文回顾近期国内外相关研究指出,许多重要的社会心理因素与疼痛有关,包括心理压力、应对方法、社会支持以及社会经济因素,它们是疼痛管理的难点。近期的国内外研究表明缓解癌痛的心理社会干预措施包括:疼痛教育、应对技能训练和催眠等,它们对疼痛治疗管理是有益的补充,同时抗抑郁药物应用对疼痛治疗有益。 相似文献
28.
言语打断是言语交际过程中的一个常见语言现象.不同类型的打断在整个会话语流中皆发挥了其独特的作用.在河北省三所三甲医院实地录音语料的基础上,从社会语言学角度分析医患交际中的打断现象,以期探求医患交际的结构及本质,为临床医患交际提供对策和建议. 相似文献
29.
言语打断是言语交际过程中的一个常见语言现象。不同类型的打断在整个会话语流中皆发挥了其独特的作用。在河北省三所三甲医院实地录音语料的基础上,从社会语言学角度分析医患交际中的打断现象,以期探求医患交际的结构及本质,为临床医患交际提供对策和建议。 相似文献
30.
对临床护士的组织氛围现状及影响因素进行调查分析,揭示护士组织氛围感知处于中等偏上水平.其中社会地位及护患关系感知情况较差;职称与月收入最高的护士组织氛围感知最佳;临时护士组织氛围感知优于在编护士.建议提高护士自身素质、加强护患沟通;善用激励机制;增强管理者“个人权利”. 相似文献