Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection

The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.     

Automatic thoughts as a predictor of internalizing and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents: A test of the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis with age effects

The main aim of the current study was to test the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis across internalizing and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents. The participants consisted of 2,158 adolescents aged 11–19 years from three middle schools, and they completed a number of measures assessing a wide range of automatic thoughts and syndromes related to internalizing and externalizing problems. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that thoughts about social threats, personal failure and hostility were the strongest predictors of anxiety, depression, and externalizing problems, respectively. Age was a statistically significant, albeit modest, moderator of the relationship between automatic thoughts about social threat and anxiety. The current study provides support for the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis in internalizing and externalizing problems in a Chinese sample.     

Understanding the Effect of Social Capital on the Depression of Urban Chinese Adolescents: An Integrative Framework

Using data from an ongoing longitudinal study of 5,164 adolescents and their parents from seven cities in mainland China, this study investigated how social capital embedded in the family and the community, together with family human capital and financial capital, influenced the depressive symptoms of urban Chinese adolescents within an integrative framework. The structural equation modeling results suggested that higher community social capital was associated with lower level of adolescent depressive symptoms and was the strongest predictor among all these contextual factors. Family social capital played a significant role in mediating the effects of all other contextual factors on adolescent depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, higher family financial capital predicted increased depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly through its negative effect on family social capital. As for gender, female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms as a result of less available family social capital. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, policy, and future research are discussed.     

略论“延续性医德教育”模式的内涵与构建

目前医德教育在教育时间与教育手段等方面缺乏延续性。通过对医德教育的特点和规律以及传统医德教育存在的弊病、医疗领域不正之风的负面影响等问题的分析,提出应着手构建在校医学生—实习生—在职医务人员"三位一体"的"延续性医德教育"模式,实现"第一课堂与第二课堂"、"系统医德理论与实践"、"被动性与自主性"医德教育三结合。     

完美主义及其认知-行为治疗研究

完美主义是一种深刻影响人格的心理特征,与心理病理学现象有极为密切的联系。完美主义已经引起了心理界的关注。从完美主义的定义出发,提出完美主义认知和行为特征,总结了完美主义的评估方法及完美主义与心理障碍的关系研究,最后对完美主义的认知-行为治疗的方法和步骤进行了阐述。     

系统论视角下重型急性胰腺炎的治疗

重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是临床上常见的急腹症之一,本文试从系统生物学角度出发,探讨其在SAP营养支持治疗、抗生素的选用以及外科手术治疗中的应用.强调应用整体的、综合的、发展的观点去研究SAP的治疗,从而找到最佳治疗方案.     

《食品安全法》中的惩罚性赔偿责任探析

<食品安全法>第九十六条规定了"损一赔十"的高倍惩罚性赔偿责任,对该规定的正确理解和适用是其发挥阻遏食品违法行为、保障食品安全作用的前提.将从价值目标、责任构成要件以及适用过程中应当注意的几个问题等角度对该法第九十六条进行阐释,以求为将来该条规定的适用提供些许参考.     

马融易学探微

马融治《易》用古本,上承费直,使费氏之学得有传承;又下启郑玄易学,使费氏之学得以发扬光大。他以"十翼"解《易经》,同时还以"十翼"互证易理。马融承费直之学,重视以儒理解《易》,这种倾向首先体现在他重视以礼解《易》。其以儒理解《易》的另一个表现是引史注《易》。其在解《易》时十分重视象数学中的卦气说,此外还重视取象和五行说。马融解《易》皆由象数为切入点,而最终归本于人事。马融易学在汉晋易学嬗变中有着承上启下的意义。     

5.12汶川大地震对灾区大学新生入学后心理状况影响的质性研究——基于四川省某大学个案访谈的分析

了解和掌握来自5.12大地震对灾区大学新生心理状况所产生的影响,为下一步做好做好灾区大学生的工作提供借鉴。方法:以四川省某高校来自灾区的部分新生为研究对象,采用定性分析,以校园生活满意度、校园关爱度、惊恐维度、自信维度等多个研究维度选取了5个对象进行个案访谈。结果汶川大地震对灾区大学新生的心理产生了一定的影响。