男性化与女性化对面孔偏好的影响—— 基于图像处理技术和眼动的检验

采用图像处理技术和眼动探讨了性别二态线索对面孔偏好的影响。实验1发现非面孔线索未掩蔽和掩蔽时, 感知男性化技术与原始照片条件下女性化的男性面孔更有吸引力和信任度; 性别二态技术条件下, 非面孔线索未掩蔽时男性化的男性面孔更有吸引力和信任度。实验2表明被试对男性面孔的平均瞳孔大小和注视次数均大于和多于女性面孔, 首次注视时间短于女性面孔; 被试对男性化面孔的首次注视时间和首次注视持续时间均长于女性化面孔。     

群体认同对群际敏感效应及其行为表现的影响

通过实验研究了群际互动中个体对不同来源身份的消极群体评价的情绪反应及群体认同的调节作用,并从情绪-行为反应的连续性视角探索群际敏感效应的行为表现及内在机制。结果发现:(1)相比内群体的消极群体评价,外群体的消极群体评价更能引起消极情绪反应;(2)群体认同对群际敏感效应起调节作用,高群体认同者对来自外群体消极评价的情绪反应更加负面,而低群体认同者这种趋势并不明显;(3)高群体认同者在经历外群体的消极群体评价后会表现出更多的内群体积极行为,且消极情绪反应对此起中介作用。研究扩展了群际敏感效应的适用范围,并为探讨其内部机制和后续影响提供了新的研究思路。     

高血压脑出血急诊救治现状与进展

高血压脑出血是指在高血压的情况下发生的脑实质内出血.目前急诊综合救治中内科药物和外科手术治疗为主要的两种方法.内科治疗只适用于轻度脑出血和有手术禁忌证及配合急诊外科手术的综合救治,外科手术多用在中、重度脑出血病人治疗中.近年来开展的一种在CT下三维定位脑内血肿清除术,以其定位准确,脑损伤小,在急诊救治方面取得了一定效果,有待于进一步发展.     

The recognition of emotional prosody in students with blindness: Effects of early visual experience and age development

This study examined the role of early visual experience and age in the recognition of emotional prosody among students with visual impairments in China. A total of 75 primary and junior high school students participated in the study. The ability of participants to recognize the prosody of four basic emotions (sadness, anger, happiness, and neutrality) was explored. The findings were as follows. (1) Early visual experience had a significant effect on the recognition of emotional prosody. The accuracy rate of students with congenital blindness was lower than that of students with adventitious blindness, and the performance of students with congenital blindness was lower than that of sighted students. The students with congenital blindness exhibited the slowest recognition speeds. (2) Age had a significant effect on the emotional prosody recognition accuracy of the sighted students, but it had no effect on the students with blindness.     

从中国先哲的问题意识来解读中国先哲--读陈来教授《诠释与重建:王船山的哲学精神》

王船山作为宋明理学乃至整个中国传统哲学的批判总结者,历来受到诸多重量级国学大家的关注,在中国哲学史这一领域中,对于船山学的研究无论在数量上还是在深度与广度方面均令人瞩目.     

Enhancement of the Simon effect by response precuing.

When stimuli are presented to the left or right of fixation, and stimulus location is irrelevant, responses are faster if the stimulus location coincides with the location of the assigned response. This phenomenon is called the Simon effect. The present study examined the influence on the Simon effect of attentional precues that signaled the likely stimulus location and intentional precues that signaled the likely response. Experiment 1 was a close procedural replication of an experiment by Verfaellie, Bowers, and Heilman (1988); consistent with their findings, the Simon effect was enhanced by the intentional precue and unaffected by the attentional precue. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated the importance of the intentional precue with simpler procedures that involved only intentional and attentional precues, respectively. Finally, the intentional precuing enhancement of the Simon effect was obtained when two stimuli were assigned to each response, regardless of whether the hands were uncrossed (experiment 4) or crossed (experiment 5). Overall, the results indicate that response precuing enhances the Simon effect and favor response-selection accounts over those that attribute the effect to stimulus identification.     

Perceptions of fear in other Children and adolescents: The role of gender and friendship status

Gender differences in fear were examined in 693 Chinese children and adolescents. Subjects were asked to rate their own fears, the fears of their best friends, and the fears of other classmates using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children — Revised (Ollendick, 1983). Consistent with previous investigations in Western and Eastern countries, girls rated themselves as more fearful than boys. In addition, both girls and boys rated their best friends as similar in number, content, and intensity of fears. However, girls rated their classmates as less fearful than themselves or their best friends, while boys rated their classmates as more fearful than themselves or their best friends. Findings are discussed in terms of gender role expectations and similarity-attraction hypotheses.     

矩形组合图形的离散度与传信绩效的关系

用实验方法研究了图形离散度与图形信号传信绩效的关系。实验的自变量为图形的离散度参数,取值范围为０．３－０．７,应变量为通道容量,实验的刺激信号为２５个矩形组合图形。结果表明,矩形组合图形的离散度与传信绩效的关系为一种非线性函数关系,离散度适中（０．５左右）的图形信号传信绩效较高。增大增减小图形的离散度均不利于信息的有效传递。     

Measures of life stress and social support specific to an Asian student population

We designed two new measures—the Index of Life Stress (ILS) and the Index of Social Support (ISS)—to assist in the prediction of cultural adjustment for an Asian international student population. In the present study, these two measures were administered to 101 Asian international students. Stability estimates over 1 month were high: .97 for the ILS and .81 for the ISS. Construct validity, assessed via factor analyses, and concurrent validity, assessed via regression analyses to criteria of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were satisfactory. Incremental validity for these two measures relative to extant measures of life stress and social support were computed. Results from these analyses indicated that these two measures added incrementally to the prediction of adjustment beyond that offered by existing measures.     

Occupational stress in clinical nurses

The present study was based on an integrative work stress model proposed by Cooper and his associates (Cooper et al., 1988), which focused on stress perception and outcomes, as well as potential moderating variables such as personality and coping efforts. Specifically, this article examines occupational stress in clinical nurses who worked in various hospitals in southern Taiwan. When compared with Chinese industrial white and blue-collar workers, nurses experienced higher work stress, more physical and mental ill-health, lower job satisfaction, and also made more efforts to cope with work stress. There were also some interesting differences in types of stressors experienced by nurses and industrial workers.