门静脉高压症的外科治疗观

门静脉高压症的外科治疗主要有门体静脉断流术和门体静脉分流术,这两种手术方式反映了唯物辩证法的对立统一规律.辩证唯物主义认为,人的认识过程是实践、认识、再实践、再认识,循环往复以至无穷的发展过程.随着实践的深入,医疗技术的进步,医疗设备的更新,近来兴起了分流加断流联合手术、TIPSS及肝移植术治疗门脉高压症.     

人格、文化与主观幸福感的关系及整合模型述评

在对主观幸福感的研究历史、两个独立的相关研究及其近期发展趋势作了回顾后,着重介绍了人格、文化与主观幸福感的整合模型（调节—缓和模型）,指出了这一模型的重要价值及其存在的不足。在此基础上,提出了模型进一步完善和发展的方向。     

自我实现的幸福——心理幸福感研究述评

心理幸福感是基于实现论的幸福感研究范式,研究者认为幸福并不只是情感上的体验,而更应该关注个人潜能的实现,从理论出发建构幸福感的结构,指导幸福感测量的发展。已有的研究表明,人口学变量、人格变量和生活事件等内外因素可以较为有效地预测心理幸福感水平。近年来,心理幸福感与主观幸福感之间呈现出整合的趋势。此外,中国人的幸福感研究在借鉴西方成果的同时,仍然需要立足于本土文化,做进一步的理论探讨和实证检验     

"旁观者清"还是"旁观者不清"?——偏向知觉的非对称性研究

心理学家近年来开始重视人们对社会认知偏向的知觉的研究。文章回顾了心理学对偏向以及对偏向知觉的研究历史,重点介绍了“偏向盲点”与“内省错觉”两种偏向知觉的实验,分析了偏向知觉的相关理论解释,并提出偏向知觉研究是社会知觉研究的一个新领域。     

上海市大学生网络成瘾调查报告

本调查使用大学生网络成瘾量表,调查了上海市八所高校近四千名大学生。调查结果显示:上海市大学生网络成瘾的发生率为12.9%,其中轻度者为9.12%,中度者为3.60%,重度者为0.18%。上海市大学生网络成瘾的发生率存在显著的性别、年级差异,但不存在文理科差异。     

Tactile contact and evaluation of the toucher

The authors investigated the effect of touch on a person's evaluation of the toucher in a field setting. In the context of selling a 2nd-hand car, the authors instructed a male seller to slightly touch (or not touch) a man who was interested in the car. After the participant left the seller, a female confederate solicited him, asking him to evaluate the car seller on various dimensions. The results showed that for each dimension that the participants evaluated, the touch condition was associated with statistically higher positive evaluations of the toucher than the no-touch control condition.     

遗传和环境对婚姻的影响

遗传和环境是影响人的两个根本因素,人的心理和行为是在二者及其共同作用的基础上逐渐发展的。婚姻是大多数人一生中最重要的事件之一,同样也受到遗传和环境的制约。文章从择偶、婚姻质量、离婚等婚姻生活的不同方面着手,回顾和评价了进化心理学、社会与文化心理学和行为遗传学对婚姻中遗传和环境影响因素的研究     

阅读理解困难儿童的认知加工

阅读理解困难是阅读障碍的一个主要类型,近年来受到西方研究者的重视。阅读理解认知加工,核心是有层次的语义加工,理解困难儿童在词汇语义加工和篇章推理和整合上都存在落后。理解困难儿童的信息推理水平落后,可能原因来自两个方面：一方面是语音工作记忆缺陷导致推理加工能力缺陷,另一方面是阅读元认知缺陷导致阅读目的和理解监控发展不正常。这些缺陷之间复杂的关系,还需要进一步研究     

Which Is in Front of Chinese People,Past or Future? The Effect of Language and Culture on Temporal Gestures and Spatial Conceptions of Time

The temporal‐focus hypothesis claims that whether people conceptualize the past or the future as in front of them depends on their cultural attitudes toward time; such conceptualizations can be independent from the space–time metaphors expressed through language. In this paper, we study how Chinese people conceptualize time on the sagittal axis to find out the respective influences of language and culture on mental space–time mappings. An examination of Mandarin speakers' co‐speech gestures shows that some Chinese spontaneously perform past‐in‐front/future‐at‐back (besides future‐in‐front/past‐at‐back) gestures, especially when gestures are accompanying past‐in‐front/future‐at‐back space–time metaphors (Exp. 1). Using a temporal performance task, the study confirms that Chinese can conceptualize the future as behind and the past as in front of them, and that such space–time mappings are affected by the different expressions of Mandarin space–time metaphors (Exp. 2). Additionally, a survey on cultural attitudes toward time shows that Chinese tend to focus slightly more on the future than on the past (Exp. 3). Within the Chinese sample, we did not find evidence for the effect of participants' cultural temporal attitudes on space–time mappings, but a cross‐cultural comparison of space–time mappings between Chinese, Moroccans, and Spaniards provides strong support for the temporal‐focus hypothesis. Furthermore, the results of Exp. 2 are replicated even after controlling for factors such as cultural temporal attitudes and age (Exp. 3), which implies that linguistic sagittal temporal metaphors can indeed influence Mandarin speakers' space–time mappings. The findings not only contribute to a better understanding of Chinese people's sagittal temporal orientation, but also have additional implications for theories on the mental space–time mappings and the relationship between language and thought.     

Life Stress,Social Support,and Problem-Solving Skills Predictive of Depressive Symptoms,Hopelessness, and Suicide Ideation in an Asian Student Population: A Test of a Model

The present study tested both a stress-problem-solving model and a stress-social support model in the etiology of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation for a group of Asian international students in the United States. Problem-solving skills and social support were hypothesized as two mediators between life stress and depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. The results from a series of stepwise regression analyses and a path analysis support the hypotheses, indicating that these models generalized to a sample of Asian international students. The roles of social support and problem-solving skills in depressive symptoms and hopelessness are discussed. The results also suggest that hopelessness may serve as a cognitive factor directly affecting depressive symptoms and indirectly affecting suicide ideation.