我国心理学现代化的基本理论观点和方法论——从我国心理学三十年的实践谈起

建国以来我国心理学已经历了三十年的曲折发展过程。现在,我们以实践是检验真理的唯一标准的观点对三十年来我国心理学发展的经验教训进行探讨,就成为我国心理学现代化的一个重要研究课题。 一 冯特于1879年在莱比锡建立了心理学实验室,成为现代心理学的开端,至今整整一百     

中国实验心理学三十年

一 实验心理学已有悠久的历史,它建立于前一世纪的中叶,采用自然科学的方法研究心理学问题,在使心理学成为一门独立的科学上起了重要作用。但心理学被介绍到中国来还是在清朝末期,最早的一个心理学实验室是在1917年北京大学哲学系建立的。解放前的旧中国已有七、八个高等学校设置了心理学系,除了讲授普通心理学课程外,还开设     

暗示感受性和针刺对痛刺激引起的大脑诱发电位影响的关系

本工作的目的为继续探讨皮肤感觉(电感受性、电痛觉)的暗示感受性和针刺镇痛的关系。被试为30例正常人。方法:针刺镇痛的效果是通过观察针刺对痛刺激引起的大脑诱发电位的抑制效应,以第一体感区的P_2次波幅变化为客观指标。暗示实验重复过去方法。主要结果:1)针刺能镇痛,针刺对多数被试(21/3D)能抑制痛刺激引起的大脑诱发电位。2)暗示后电感受性和痛阈均有提高(分别为31.26％和18.37％)3)暗示感受性高低和针刺抑制痛刺激引起的大脑诱发电位没有相关(P>0.50)。还看到被试对针刺能镇痛的信任程度与针效无关,提示暗示在针刺镇痛中不起主要作用。     

The treatment of epilepsies with Convulsofin

The testing of Convulsofin carried out in 220 patients at 14 clinics over a period of six months confirms the international experience gained with valproic acid and sodium valproinate. The main field of application of Convulsofin according to the experience gained will again be the treatment of fits in generalised primary epilepsy for which it permits to carry out a monotherapy to a remarkable extent. The favourable effect of the preparation in photosensitivity could be confirmed. Also in generalised secondary epilepsy and in fits of partial epilepsy. Convulsofin is partly effective, so that it can recommended as a co-medication in the treatment of therapy-resistant forms of these epilepsies which are difficult to treat. Decrease in thrombocytes, transient increase in serum transaminases, gastrointestinal disorders, loss of hair and undesired increases in body-weight were the more frequently occurring side-effects.     

有关《心灵学》一书的研究

在我国古时,虽然没有“心理学”这一学科的名称,但对心理问题的论述却有数千年的历史了。从事这方面研究的是我国古代的哲学家、教育家、文艺理论家和医药学家,他们对心理的研究,散见于各代的经、理、文、医学的群籍中,既有叙述的理论,也有应用的资料。但我国最早的心理学书却是从西方心理学翻译过来的。关于西方心理学传入我国始于何时?何人?背景条件如何?确是研究我国现代心理学起源的一个重要问题,也是中国现代心理学史不可缺少的史料之一。     

Disintegrated experience: the dissociative disorders revisited

We present proposed changes to the dissociative disorders section of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and review the concept of pathological and nonpathological dissociation, including empirical findings on the relations between trauma and dissociative phenomenology and between dissociation and hypnosis. The most important proposals include the creation of two new diagnostic entities, brief reactive dissociative disorder and transient dissociative disturbance, and the readoption of the criterion of amnesia for a multiple personality disorder diagnosis. We conclude that further work on dissociative processes will provide an important link between clinical and experimental approaches to human cognition, emotion, and personality.     

Manifestations, acquisition and diagnostic categories of dental fear in a self-referred population

This study aimed to clarify how manifestations and acquisition relate to diagnostic categories of dental fear in a population of self-referred dental fear patients, since diagnostic criteria specifically related to dental fear have not been validated. DSM III-R diagnostic criteria for phobias were used to compare with four existing dental fear diagnostic categories, referred to as the Seattle system. Subjects were 208 persons with dental fear who were telephone interviewed, of whom a subsample of 155 responded to a mailed Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a modified FSS-II Geer Fear Scale (GFS). Personal interviews and a Dental Beliefs Scale of perceived trust and social interaction with dentists were also used to evaluate a subsample of 80 patients selected by sex and high dental fear. Results showed that the majority of the 80 patients (66%), suffered from social embarrassment about their dental fear problem and their inability to do something about it. The largest cause of their fear (84%) was reported to be traumatic dental experiences, especially in childhood (70%). A minority of patients (16%) could not isolate traumatic experiences and had a history of general fearfulness or anxiety. Analysis of GFS data for the 155 subjects showed that fear of snakes and injuries were highest among women; heights and injections among men. Fear of blood was rarely reported. Spearman correlations between GFS individual items and DAS scores indicated functional independence between dental fear and common fears such as blood, injections and enclosures in most cases. Only in specific types of dental fear did these results support Rachman and Lopatka's contention that fears are thought to summate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)