荣辱观建设是道德力量的基本保证

今年初胡锦涛同志发表了关于树立社会主义荣辱观的重要讲话,引起了社会的广泛关注。以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的荣辱观是社会主义价值导向的集中体现,是形成良好社会风气的重要基础。学术理论界尤其是伦理学界对树立社会主义荣辱观的相关问题进行了研究和探讨。我刊特开辟“社会主义荣辱观”专栏,对此问题展开研究。本期约请了中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设中心、天津社会科学院部分专家从不同角度对社会主义荣辱观的时代内涵、作用机制、现实意义及如何在实践中贯彻落实等问题进行了阐述,以期推动社会主义荣辱观理论研究的不断深入。     

面孔识别动态增益效应研究综述

近年来,研究者围绕动态面孔识别中的动态增益效应开展了一系列的研究。本文围绕面孔熟悉程度和面孔的活动类型两个方面对与动态增益效应有关的一系列动态面孔认知研究进行了总结,并对不同研究的差异进行了比较和分析。最后,对动态面孔认知规律、眼动模式和脑机制等研究方向上的发展进行了展望。     

学优生与学困生内隐与外显协同学习的比较研究

根据目前国内采用的标准,选取学优生和学困生各120人。运用内隐学习中的双条件人工语法材料和强分离的实验范式,考察和比较了两种学生的内隐学习、内隐与外显协同学习的成绩。结果显示:(1)学优生在外显学习、协同学习(先内隐后外显以及内隐与外显交替)方式下的成绩显著好于学困生,而在内隐学习方式下,二者成绩差异不显著。(2)学优生的外显学习及协同学习成绩显著好于内隐学习成绩,而学困生在四种学习方式下成绩差异不显著。表明在人工语法学习中学优生的有意识学习及其与无意识的协同学习效果较好,而学困生的有意识学习及协同学习较差。     

幽门螺杆菌根除失败原因及补救策略分析

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤及胃癌关系密切.随着根除Hp治疗在临床的普遍开展,Hp根除率逐渐下降,其主要原因是日益突出的抗生素耐药及患者对药物依从性差.对根除治疗失败者进行补救治疗已成为Hp治疗研究领域的新热点.由于各地的HP耐药率及感染者个体情况存在很大差异.目前尚未形成统一规范的补救策略,遵循个体化的补救策略已逐渐被大家所接受.     

Human coffee drinking: manipulation of concentration and caffeine dose.

In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in 9 volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. A series of five experiments was undertaken to characterize adlibitum coffee consumption and to investigate the effects of manipulating coffee concentration, caffeine dose per cup, and caffeine preloads prior to coffee drinking. Manipulations were double-blind and scheduled in randomized sequences across days. When cups of coffee were freely available, coffee drinking tended to be rather regularly spaced during the day with intercup intervals becoming progressively longer throughout the day; experimental manipulations showed that this lengthening of intercup intervals was not due to accumulating caffeine levels. Number of cups of coffee consumed was an inverted U-shaped function of both coffee concentration and caffeine dose per cup; however, coffee-concentration and dose-per-cup manipulations did not produce similar effects on other measures of coffee drinking (intercup interval, time to drink a cup, within-day distribution of cups). Caffeine preload produced dose-related decreases in number of cups consumed. As a whole, these experiments provide some limited evidence for both the suppressive and the reinforcing effects of caffeine on coffee consumption. Examination of total daily coffee and caffeine intake across experiments, however, provides no evidence for precise regulation (i.e., titration) of coffee or caffeine intake.     

CONTINGENT PAYMENT PROCEDURES FOR SMOKING REDUCTION AND CESSATION

We assessed the ability of a combined contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedure to promote and sustain temporary smoking cessation among 34 hired research volunteers, and the ability of a smoking reduction test to predict the subsequent initiation of abstinence. During the 5-day cutdown test, subjects were paid from $0 to $6 per day depending on the extent of reduction from baseline CO levels. During the abstinence test, breath samples were obtained three times daily and subjects were paid $4 for each CO reading ≤11 ppm. Sixty-eight percent of subjects initiated abstinence. Of the breath samples collected during the abstinence test (91% of scheduled samples), 96.5% were ≤11 ppm and 80.5% were ≤8 ppm. Subjects who earned more money during the cutdown test were more likely to abstain (r = ?0.51, p < .001). Contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedures appear to have usefulness for analog studies of smoking reduction and cessation.