Self-defeating personality and memories of parents' child-rearing behaviour

A group of 132 nonclinical volunteers was given the Self-defeating Personality Scale and a short version of the Egna Minnen Betr?ffande Uppfostran (EMBU) scale to explore correlations of scores for adults' self-defeating traits with memories of parents' child-rearing behaviours. For men, the recall of two rejecting parents and, for women, the memory of a nonsupportive father were significantly correlated with scores of self-defeating traits. The latter scores correlated positively with memories of both overinvolved mother and father for men, while no significant correlation was found among women.     

Reduced Alternating Gaze During Social Interaction in Infancy is Associated with Elevated Symptoms of Autism in Toddlerhood

In typical development, infants often alternate their gaze between their interaction partners and interesting stimuli, increasing the probability of joint attention toward surrounding objects and creating opportunities for communication and learning. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been found to engage less in behaviors that can initiate joint attention compared to typically developing children, but the role of such atypicalities in the development of ASD during infancy is not fully understood. Here, using eye tracking technology in a live setting, we show that 10-month-olds at high familial risk for ASD engage less in alternating gaze during interaction with an adult compared to low risk infants. These differences could not be explained by low general social preference or slow visual disengagement, as the groups performed similarly in these respects. We also found that less alternating gaze at 10 months was associated with more social ASD symptoms and less showing and pointing at 18 months. These relations were similar in both the high risk and the low risk groups, and remained when controlling for general social preference and disengagement latencies. This study shows that atypicalities in alternating gaze in infants at high risk for ASD emerge already during the first 10 months of life - a finding with theoretical as well as potential practical implications.     

Indikationsstellung zur Verhaltenstherapie

Behavioral therapy is a recognized guideline-conform procedure based on the principles of learning theory. The principle is that behavior that has been learnt can also be forgotten again, which was applied very early on to the example of anxieties. Furthermore, cognition and emotions as well as attention-based procedures play an important role in the behavioral therapeutic treatment of mental illnesses. The advantages compared to other guideline procedures are the rapid and universal applicability, the contemporary relevance and the transparency of the application as well as the wide variety of methods. Additionally, the methods are very evident and can be selectively or differentially implemented for a multitude of mental illnesses. This article summarizes the most important illnesses from the perspective of the application of behavioral therapeutic methods. Aspects of differential indications are discussed in relation to specific illnesses and personality characteristics.     

Publishing as an Indicator of Scientific Research Quality and Ethics: The Case of Law Journals from Moldova

Science and Engineering Ethics - This paper analyses the way articles are published in scientific journals in the field of law in the Republic of Moldova, including an experiment with a previously...