对肿瘤排斥性抗原肽研究的哲学思考

对肿瘤抗原的认识历细了多个阶段,最后终于确定了它们的存在并以肿瘤排斥性抗原肽为研究的主要方向。伴随着免疫学等学科的发展,研究了ＴＲＡＰ的方法也在不断进步。大量ＴＲＡＰ的发现和应用,不仅为肿瘤病因学研究提供了实验基础,也为肿瘤免疫治疗拓展了新的途径。对ＴＲＡＰ的研究给了我们许多有益的哲学启示。     

The specific-word frequency effect: implications for the representation of homophones in speech production.

In a series of experiments, the authors investigated whether naming latencies for homophones (e.g., /nlambdan/) are a function of specific-word frequency (i.e., the frequency of nun) or a function of cumulative-homophone frequency (i.e., the sum of the frequencies of nun and none). Specific-word but not cumulative-homophone frequency affected picture-naming latencies. This result was obtained in 2 languages (English and Chinese). An analogous finding was obtained in a translation task, where bilingual speakers produced the English names of visually presented Spanish words. Control experiments ruled out that these results are an artifact of orthographic or articulatory factors, or of visual recognition. The results argue against the hypothesis that homophones share a common word-form representation, and support instead a model in which homophones have fully independent representations.     

关于先秦齐国是我国职业教育思想策源地的论证

本文在春秋时期齐国齐桓公和管仲的经济政治改革中相伴产生了“四民分业”的社会职业教育思想,这是据现有文献记载的中国最早的比较全面系统而深刻的社会职业教育思想,有很强的时代和自身的特色,对后世的职业教育产生了深远的影响。从中可以看出当时先进国家中,教育是如何为富国强兵的政策服务的。     

自我不确定感:内涵、结构和理论

自我不确定感是个体在遇到认知、情感以及行为间的不一致或冲突,对重要的心理品质产生困惑和怀疑时体验到的一致性和连续性缺乏的状态。文章对自我不确定感的概念进行了梳理,然后提出了概念构想模型,认为其结构应包含认知、情绪和动机成分,再后则以自我不确定感的管理策略为线索对相关理论和模型进行了初步整合。未来研究需在明确界定自我不确定感的基础上开展跨文化比较,从多角度检验自我不确定感管理策略的效果,深入探讨自我不确定感的发生和作用机制,探索如何变自我不确定感的被动防御为主动预防与管理。     

Children Exposed to Marital Conflict Exhibit More Disordered Eating Behaviors: Child Emotional Insecurity and Anxiety as Mechanisms of Risk

Disordered eating in children is a major public health concern, as it is precursor to clinical eating disorders and obesity. However, little is known about the potential causes of child disordered eating. The current study examined marital conflict as a predictor of disordered eating in a sample of children aged 5–12 years, from the perspective of emotional security theory. Ninety five children and their parents in the Southeast United States participated in the study. We found that marital conflict was associated with higher levels of restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating behaviors controlling for demographics and parental feeding practices. Further, we examined the possible pathways between marital conflict and child disordered eating and found that marital conflict was related to greater child emotional insecurity about the family, which was associated with greater child anxiety, which were then related to disordered eating. In addition to serving as a secondary pathway linking emotional insecurity to child disordered eating, anxiety also significantly directly mediated the association between marital conflict and all three types of disordered eating: restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating in children. Next we examined if parental feeding practices (food monitoring, food restriction and parental pressure to eat) moderate the relation between marital conflict and child disordered eating. Parental pressure to eat was negatively associated with child disordered eating under higher marital conflict. The current study highlights the importance of marital conflict and child emotional security as precursors of child disordered eating.     

突发公共事件的心理健康服务体系的建构

突发公共事件的心理应急救助是我国心理健康服务体系的一个重要组成部分.突发公共事件需要心理救助,心理救助也是突发公共事件危机管理的组成部分.严重突发事件的心理健康服务包含事前的准备、应急和善后的完整建构.突发公共事件的心理健康服务的应急预案应包含完善的应急组织管理指挥、系统完整的过程评估、分级分类的响应、强有力的应急救援保障、综合救援的应急队伍.在运作上应该遵循综合预防、协同应对和规范管理三个基本原则.     

山东东周鼎簋制度初论——以中原地区为参照

鼎簋制度作为社会存在的一种反映,是一个动态的概念,把用鼎规格普遍、有序的提升归结为僭越有形而上学之嫌。春秋中期至战国中期,中原高级墓葬一般随葬数套列鼎,是鼎簋制度的套鼎时期,也是鼎簋制度的高峰期。以往多认为战国中晚期是鼎簋制度的瓦解、崩溃时期,实际上,这一时期随葬列鼎的现象仍然普遍存在,鼎簋制度并没有瓦解,其瓦解期应在秦汉。由于历史、地理等原因,山东地区的鼎簋制度与中原地区存在较大差异:一是山东多数地区没有严格推行鼎簋制度;二是山东地区鼎簋制度的基础较为薄弱,瓦解现象出现较早,瓦解速度也较快;三是春秋中晚期至战国早、中期普遍流行于中原的套鼎现象,山东地区基本没有发现。     

干细胞技术与肝硬化:共性与个性的新实践

干细胞横向分化(transdifferentiation)的能力,在肝脏再生过程中发挥作用,随着对干细胞的深入研究,干细胞技术为终末期肝病的治疗提供了新思路。本文对干细胞加以分类并综述了各种干细胞研究进展,对干细胞在肝脏疾病细胞治疗上的应用及前景作了总结和展望。     

定向遗忘研究的进展

定向遗忘是关于记忆研究的一种实验范式,也是记忆心理学家非常关注的热点问题。本文主要阐释了基于代价———收益原则的定向遗忘研究范式,探讨了定向遗忘的研究方法,揭示了定向遗忘可能存在的机制,并结合实证研究论述了定向遗忘研究的进展。