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81.
Bettina FurnÉe 《Psychodynamic Practice》2013,19(4):629-634
Abstract It was a fact learnt early in life: wherever I travelled in Europe as a teenager, it paid me to explain that I was Dutch, not German. And when I left home at 18, in search of the elusive key to good faith and freedom, and came to Britain, crossing the Channel to reach the sole part of Europe untouched by enemy invasion, I felt I was welcomed like a lost daughter; many people told me of the part they played in the liberation of Holland in 1945. And now, fifty years after the historic events of the Second World War have passed, I still like to invoke the ‘magic’ if I can. While staying in a bed and breakfast in Coventry recently, I pointed out to the landlady that a morning call, as written down by the German guest, was requested at 7.15, instead of, as she had read, at 9.15. ‘Oh’, she said, annoyed, realizing the mistake: ‘Do they cross their number seven? We never do’. I was instantly eager to clear my name: ‘The Dutch never do so either’ 相似文献
82.
Isabel Aline Vöhringer Sonja Poloczek Frauke Graf Bettina Lamm Johanna Teiser Ina Fassbender 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):156-170
The authors explored priming in children from different cultural environments with the aim to provide further evidence for the robustness of the priming effect. Perceptual priming was assessed by a picture fragment completion task in 3-year-old German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso farmer children. As expected, 3-year-olds from both highly diverging cultural contexts under study showed a priming effect, and, moreover, the effect was of comparable size in both cultural contexts. Hence, the children profited similarly from priming, which was supported by the nonsignificant interaction between cultural background and identification performance as well as the analysis of absolute difference scores. However, a culture-specific difference regarding the level of picture identification was found in that German middle-class children identified target as well as control pictures with less perceptual information than children in the Nso sample. Explanations for the cross-cultural demonstration of the priming effect as well as for the culturally diverging levels on which priming occurs are discussed. 相似文献
83.
László Brassai Bettina F. Piko Michael F. Steger 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(3):308-315
Understanding how adolescents achieve meaning in life has important implications for their psychological development. A social cognitive model of meaning development was tested by assessing psychological (self‐efficacy, self‐regulation and social comparison) and parental (parental responsiveness, demandingness, and social support) variables in a sample of 1944 adolescents (aged 15–19 years; 47.8% males) from secondary schools of the Middle Transylvanian Region, Romania. Both psychological and parental factors were significantly related to meaning in life. For both boys and girls, self‐efficacy, self‐regulation, and maternal responsiveness related positively with meaning in life, and paternal demandingness related inversely to meaning in life. However, social comparison related positively to meaning only among boys, and paternal responsiveness related positively to meaning only among girls. Results point to a possible meaning‐supporting role played by social cognitive variables, as well as parental autonomy support. The gender differences observed here suggest that existing theories of meaning development may need to be elaborated to include family of origin and gender. 相似文献
84.
Adolescent health behaviours are influenced by a variety of social factors, including social orientations, such as social comparison or competitiveness. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role that these social orientations might play in health behaviours (both health‐impairing and health‐promoting). Data were collected from high school students (N = 548; ages 14–20 years; 39.9% males) in two counties of the Southern Plain Region of Hungary. The self‐administered questionnaires contained items on sociodemographics, such as age, sex, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status (SES) self‐assessment; school achievement, health behaviours, competitiveness and social comparison. Multiple regression analyses suggest that those who scored higher on competitiveness engaged in more substance use, a pattern that was not present for health‐promoting behaviours. Social comparison, however, was associated with lower levels of substance use. In addition, in relation to health‐impairing behaviours, both competitiveness and social comparison interacted with sex; both social orientation variables proved to be more important for boys. Social comparison also contributed to health‐promoting behaviours among boys. Findings support the idea that the role of social orientations, such as competitiveness and social comparison, can be quite different depending on sex and the nature of the health behaviour. While competitiveness may act as a risk factor for substance use among boys, social comparison may act as a protection. It appears that social orientations play less of a role in girls' health‐related behaviours. More focus is needed on gender differences in influences on adolescents' health‐related behaviours. 相似文献
85.
Enuresis, one of the most prevalent and chronic childhood disorders, imposes serious financial, physical, and emotional burdens on the child and the family affected by it. This article provides counselors with an overview of the complex etiologies, diagnostic criteria, and current treatment options for the disorder, as well as assessment tools and comprehensive treatment guidelines, including instructions on the use of an enuresis alarm. Supportive interventions and advocacy related issues are discussed. 相似文献
86.
Video glasses have previously been reported to be an effective instrument for emotion induction or for reducing pain perception.
In the present study, we assessed the application of video glasses within the affective picture viewing paradigm. Possible
advantages of this new method were tested by a comparison with a commonly used video projector. Twenty-four participants viewed
sustained picture series of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant valence with video glasses and with a projector on different
days. Affective report, heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level were measured. The results showed that the video glasses
presentation mode is not generally superior to the projector mode. Instead, typical responses to prolonged presentations of
emotional pictures were obtained across both modalities with valence-modulated pleasure ratings and with an arousal modulation
for arousal ratings, skin conductance level, and HR. These results suggest that video glasses are as useful for presenting
prolonged affective picture series as are projectors. Specific contexts in which the application of video glasses is preferential
are discussed. 相似文献
87.
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89.
Bettina B. Hoeppner Matthew S. Goodwin Wayne F. Velicer James Heltshe 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(4):707-727
The advent of telemetric devices that sample data extensively over time has facilitated single subject or idiographic research to intensively study a single person over time. One of the challenges of idiographic research is combining single subject results to determine generalizability across subjects. This article demonstrates the first behavioral science application of pooled time series analysis, an extension of time series analysis that allows for the testing of between-person effects. The analysis used cardiovascular data gathered from 4 children with autism between the ages of 10 and 20 while exposed to 6 experimentally manipulated environmental stressors. A pooled time series analysis using the general transformation approach identified 1 general (a difficult learning task) and 3 specific stressors (exposure to a loud noise, unstructured time, and eating a preferred food) across the 4 participants. This application of pooled time series analysis demonstrates the challenges and potential for this method to address the issue of generalizability when using an idiographic research approach in the behavioral sciences. 相似文献
90.
Bettina von Helversen Guido H. E. Gendolla Piotr Winkielman Ralph E. Schmidt 《Motivation and emotion》2008,32(1):1-10
Numerous studies examined the role of processing effort in judgments using the “ease-of-processing” paradigm in which participants
generate or retrieve few or many issue-relevant thoughts. Because earlier studies only assessed the subjective effort, it
is unclear if this paradigm also mobilizes objective effort, and how such effort relates to subjective effort. These questions
were addressed in two experiments modeled on standard tasks from the processing effort literature: “ease of argument generation”
(Study 1) and “ease of retrieval” (Study 2). In both experiments we simultaneously measured subjective effort (via self-report)
and objective effort (via cardiovascular reactivity). The results showed that processing ease manipulations (generation or
retrieval of few vs. many exemplars) influence not only subjective effort, but also objective effort, as reflected especially
by increases of systolic blood pressure in the many exemplars condition. However, only subjective effort was related to judgment.
In the discussion, we consider the role of various forms of effort and other relevant variables in “processing ease” effects. 相似文献