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21.
Andrea E. Abele Bettina S. Wiese 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2008,81(4):733-749
Changes in the labour market require people to show more self‐management than before if they want to succeed. The present research was conducted to analyse the nomological network of general self‐management strategies (i.e. selection of goals; optimization as implementation of goal‐pursuing behaviour), specific self‐management strategies (i.e. career planning) and central indicators of career success, i.e. objective career success (pay, position), self‐referent subjective success (career satisfaction), and other‐referent career success (comparative judgment). In a large sample of professionals (N=1,185), we found in support of our hypotheses that the generalized strategy of optimization was linked to the domain‐specific strategy of career planning, and that domain‐specific career planning was directly linked to all outcome measures. The generalized strategy of optimization was directly linked to subjective success, but only indirectly to objective success. The link from self‐management to subjective success was independent of objective success. Most interestingly, and in accord with our social comparison assumption, objective success was more closely linked to other‐referent success than to self‐referent success. Implications for career research and career counselling are discussed. 相似文献
22.
We suggest that social relationships shape the self in different ways, depending on whether persons define themselves as independent or interdependent. While the self of independents is most strongly associated with mental representations of others to whom they are related because of their own deliberate action (e.g. friends), the self of interdependents is most strongly connected with representations of others with whom they share allocated group memberships (e.g. family members). We took both explicit (Study 1) and implicit measures (Studies 2, 3 and 4) on how strongly independent and interdependent selves are associated with self‐chosen versus allocated close others. In Studies 3 and 4, we additionally primed the independent or interdependent self. Both explicit and implicit measures indicated that mental representations of family members were more strongly associated with the interdependent self than with the independent self, while romantic partners and friends were connected with both the independent and interdependent self. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
When participants are required to react to a stimulus, reaction times (RTs) are usually reduced when temporal uncertainty
about stimulus occurrence is minimized. Contrary to the common assumption attributing this RT benefit solely to the speeding
of motor processes, recent evidence suggests that temporal uncertainty might rather influence premotoric processing levels.
We employed a backward-masking procedure to further confine the locus of the temporal uncertainty effect. Participants performed
a discrimination task and indicated whether a spatial gap within a square was on the right or the left side. In addition to
the shorter RTs, visual discrimination accuracy was improved when temporal uncertainty was low. This result demonstrates that
temporal uncertainty influences stimulus processing at a perceptual level. 相似文献
24.
On the basis of Conservation of Resources theory, we investigated how social support from supervisor, co-workers, life partner, and family members is associated with work-family conflicts in N = 107 working mothers. We used data from a cross-sectional questionnaire and a standardized diary to examine two possible forms of interplay: (a) Social support as an antecedent of work-family conflicts, and (b) moderating effects of social support on the relationship between domain-specific strain and work-family conflicts. Overall, results favored social support as an antecedent of work-family conflicts. 相似文献
25.
Mona Saleh Kristine Barlow-Stewart Bettina Meiser Ian Muchamore 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(5):436-446
This paper explores the perceived challenges facing clinical genetics practitioners in multicultural Australia. Focus groups
conducted with 53 practitioners explored: 1) participants’ experiences and definitions of cultural diversity; 2) their use
of educational resources with clients; 3) their experiences with culturally diverse groups/individuals in practice; 4) their
experiences working with interpreters; and 5) the impact culturally specific educational training and/or experiential learning
had on their confidence or practice when dealing with culturally diverse clients. Participants viewed culture as extending
beyond traditional definitions such as ethnicity, language and religion. Most respondents had experienced positive results
working with health care interpreters, although at times, this was a challenge for the family as they preferred privacy and
the use of family members as interpreters. Another commonly reported challenge was the limited availability of reliable, culturally
appropriate translated resources. Some participants expressed concern that learning theories about specific cultures may lead
to stereotypes and that opportunities for formal cultural competence training were limited. Recommendations for practice include
the targeting of educational resources to meet the needs of a diverse community and placing cultural competence on the agenda
for ongoing training and maintenance of professional standards for clinical genetics practitioners to avoid the current ad
hoc approach. 相似文献
26.
Andr s Catena Antonio Maldonado Jesú s L. Megí as Bettina Frese 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(3):267-281
The main aim of this research was to study the cognitive architecture underlying causal/covariation learning by investigating the frequency of judgement effect. Previous research has shown that decreasing the number of trials between opportunities to make a judgement in a covariation learning task led to a higher score after an a or d type of trial (positive cases) than after b and c trials (negative cases). Experiment 1 replicated this effect using a trial-by-trial procedure and examined the conditions under which it occurs. Experiment 2 demonstrated a similar frequency of judgement effect when the information was presented in the form of contingency tables. Associative or statistical single-mechanism accounts of causal and covariation learning do not provide a satisfactory explanation for these findings. An alternative belief revision model is presented. 相似文献
27.
28.
Bettina Wahrig 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2002,38(4):408-409
29.
Jesús L. Megías Estrella Ryan Joaquín M. M. Vaquero Bettina Frese 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(1):117-130
According to most post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) theories, memory mechanisms are involved in its development and maintenance. However, the specific memory characteristics responsible for this disorder are still not well known. In the present study, 210 participants having reported at least one traumatic experience were assigned to a PTSD or to a non‐PTSD symptom profile group. Both groups rated their memories for their most traumatic and intense positive life events. We observed that the traumatic memories of PTSD profile participants were more clear, detailed and judged as significant compared with those of the non‐PTSD profile group. However, participants in the first group acknowledged having more difficulties putting their traumatic memories into words and controlling these remembrances. These differences were absent in their positive memories. Additionally, clear relationships emerged between memory ratings and PTSD symptoms measures. Results are discussed according to fragmentation and superiority views of traumatic memories in PTSD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
Martina Hartner‐Tiefenthaler Bettina Kubicek Erich Kirchler Silvia Rechberger Michael Wenzel 《Psychologie appliquee》2012,61(3):454-478
The present research compared a distributive fairness model of EU transfer payments (Hartner, Rechberger, Kirchler, & Wenzel, 2011) between three countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, and the UK. The model postulates an interplay between EU‐tax compliance, distributive fairness, outcome favorability as well as national and European identification. Results across countries showed that EU‐tax compliance was positively related to distributive justice, which was in turn related to outcome favorability and identification. National identifiers perceived EU membership as unfavorable in financial and socio‐political terms, and thus considered the transfer payments as less fair. Dual identifiers perceived the socio‐political outcomes as more favorable, and thus evaluated the transfer payments as fairer. Although the basic structure of the model was valid across all three countries, two country‐specific results were found. First, in the UK individual tax paying behavior was influenced by outcome favorability, whereas in Austria and the Czech Republic this relationship was mediated via distributive fairness. Second, in the Austrian sample, the differentiation between patriots and nationalists proved fruitful since nationalists considered the EU transfer payments as unfair, unlike patriots. In the UK and the Czech Republic the distinction between nationalists and patriots did not add any further information. 相似文献