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71.
Bettina Seekatz Karin Meng Juergen Bengel Hermann Faller 《Psychology, health & medicine》2016,21(6):663-674
The fear-avoidance (FA) model has gained widespread acceptance as a conceptual framework for investigating psychological factors such as FA beliefs and avoidance behavior, which contribute to chronic back pain and reduced functioning. Depressive symptoms are supposed to be related to FA beliefs and to foster avoidance behavior. This study aims to investigate the multivariate assumptions of the FA model with a focus on the role of depressive symptoms. A total of N = 360 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain at admission of inpatient orthopedic rehabilitation participated in the survey. Measures included a numeric pain rating scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale, Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we construed a basic FA model and subsequently extended it by adding symptoms of depression as a covariate. The results of SEM indicated a good model fit for a basic FA model (χ²(263) = 431.069, p < .001, RMSEA = .042, CFI = .964, WRMR = .986). They confirmed the hypothesized relations and supported single mediations of the relationship between pain and functioning by FA beliefs and avoidance behavior. A second model including symptoms of depression as additional covariate (χ²(511) = 722.761, p < .001, RMSEA = .034, CFI = .956, WRMR = .949) showed a high impact of depressive symptoms on all FA model variables leading to a decrease of the FA mediations. The findings provide empirical support for the multivariate FA model and underline the importance of considering depressive symptoms in a multiple-target approach to understand the mechanisms of chronic pain. 相似文献
72.
In reaction time (RT) tasks, responses are especially fast when participants can anticipate the onset of an imperative response
signal. Although this RT facilitation is commonly attributed to temporal preparation, it is unclear whether this preparation
shortens the duration of early or late processes. We used the effect propagation property of the psychological refractory
period paradigm to localize the effect of temporal preparation. Manipulation of temporal uncertainty affected the RT of Task
1, regardless of the level of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Consistent with the prediction of an early locus of temporal
preparation, this effect propagated completely to the RT of Task 2 at short SOAs, but propagation diminished virtually to
zero at long SOAs. 相似文献
73.
In this study, we explored the emotional modulation of the Attentional Blink effect. In a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation procedure, a word (Target 1), either positive, negative or neutral, was followed by the word "WATER" (Target 2) in one half of the trials. The task included two conditions. In one of them, participants only had to detect the word "WATER". In double-response trials, participants also categorized Target 1's valence. Results showed that the detection of Target 2 was impaired in the double-response condition, this impairment being greater when negative word appeared as Target 1, as compared to positive and neutral words. However, these effects were independent on the Anxiety-Trait levels of participants. Overall, the pattern of data suggests that cognitive resources are focused on negative stimuli when their negative valence is emotionally salient enough. 相似文献
74.
A new objective procedure was used to measure the strength of cutaneous saltation, in order to clarify current debates about the nature of this illusion. Three taps were presented successively to three possible forearm locations. Participants attended to the middle location and reported whether a tap was perceived there. When all stimuli were delivered to the same arm and intertap intervals were short, participants were unable to distinguish real and illusory stimuli at the middle location. When both arms were stimulated, location judgments on one arm were shifted toward a tap subsequently delivered to the other arm. These results challenge the view that saltation is a purely attentional phenomenon, but they are inconsistent with the idea that this illusion is produced in the primary somatosensory cortex. 相似文献
75.
76.
Dealing with developmental tasks in work and family domains is an important challenge for young and middle-aged adults. We investigated a transition that has evolved into a normative task for women, namely, the retransition back to paid work following maternity leave. In a diary study with 149 mothers who had just returned to work, we examined the daily experienced regrets concerning this return. In addition to personal resources (i.e., emotional stability, feeling prepared for the transition) and financial requirements needed to return to work, daily experienced family stress predicted decisional regrets. Moreover, our results suggest that leave length is related to psychological resilience in the face of day-to-day stress experiences: Late returners reported fewer regrets in general and were unaffected by daily family stress. Return-to-work regrets, in turn, were predictive of withdrawal intentions. This underlines the relevancy of the timing of the transition back to work in terms of successful development during this life phase. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
77.
Although the use of gender fair language is strongly promoted in German‐speaking countries, the impact of its use on the way speakers are perceived by others is still unknown. Results of two experimental studies showed that irrespective of their sex, speakers using pair forms rather than generic masculines were perceived more competent by both men and women. Also, they were seen as less sexist by male and female listeners with positive attitudes towards linguistic equality. Findings with respect to the attribution of warmth were more complex: they were not only impacted by language use, but also dependent on speaker's sex and listener's attitude towards linguistic equality. Results are discussed in the context of language and stereotypes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
Bernhard Fink Bettina WeegeJana Flügge Susanne RöderNick Neave Kristofor McCarty 《Personality and individual differences》2012,52(2):232-235
Recent research shows that women judge men who show variability in their body movements as good dancers. Here we report data on women’s perception of dance quality in 48 men, aged 18-42 years, and relate them to men’s self-reported personality traits. Male participants completed a standardised personality inventory (the NEO-FFI) and then danced to a basic rhythm while their body movements were tracked with optical 3D motion-capture technology. Dance movements were applied to a featureless virtual humanoid character and judged on their dance quality by 53 women, aged 17-57 years, who viewed 15 s of the rendered video clips of each male dancer. Conscientiousness and social agreeableness was correlated positively and significantly with women’s perception of men’s dance quality. Extraversion showed a positive correlation and neuroticism and openness were associated negatively with women’s perception of men’s dance quality, though these correlations failed to reach significance. We suggest that male dance movements may convey aspects of their personality, though possible consequences in terms of female mate preferences and selection remain to be explored. 相似文献
79.
Decision-making policies are subject to modulation by changing motivational states. However, so far, little is known about
the neurochemical mechanisms that bridge motivational states with decision making. Here we examined whether dopamine (DA)
in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) modulates the effects of motivational states on effort-based decision making. Using a
cost–benefit T-maze task in rats, we examined the effects of AcbC DA depletions on effort-based decision making, in particular
on the sensitivity of effort-based decision making to a shift from a hungry to a sated state. The results demonstrated that,
relative to sham controls, rats with AcbC DA depletion in a hungry as well as in a sated state had a reduced preference for
effortful but large-reward action. This finding provides further support for the notion that AcbC DA regulates how much effort
to invest for rewards. Importantly, our results further revealed that effort-based decision making in lesioned rats, as in
sham controls, was still sensitive to a shift from a hungry to a sated state; that is, their preferences for effortful large-reward
actions became lower after a shift from a restricted to a free-feeding regimen. These finding indicate that AcbC DA is not
necessarily involved in mediating the effects of a shift in motivational state on decision-making policies. 相似文献
80.
Dr. Melanie Büttner Birger Dulz Ulrich Sachsse Bettina Overkamp Martin Sack 《Psychotherapeut》2014,59(5):385-391