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111.
Velma M. Murry Beth A. Kotchick Scyatta Wallace Bethany Ketchen Kenya Eddings Laurie Heller Ida Collier 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):81-99
We present an overview of research on African American families and emphasize in this discussion limitations of approaches used in the past to study African American families. We also discuss and identify challenges for designing and implementing community, family-based programs targeting competence-promoting behaviors in African American families. In addition, we attempt to accomplish the following objectives: (1) identify themes in studies of African American families, including bias in prior research; (2) discuss ways in which prior approaches and conceptual models guiding studies of African Americans have created challenges for the development and implementation of community-based intervention and research programs; and (3) present the Parents Matter! Program as an example of a community-based prevention effort that attempted to overcome many of the challenges created by prior research efforts. 相似文献
112.
Beth Bourdeau Brenda A. Miller Michael R. Duke Genevieve M. Ames 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(6):814-821
Parental monitoring is defined as a set of behaviors used to gain knowledge about an adolescent’s whereabouts, friends and associates, and activities. However, can knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts/activities, and friends all be attained through the same strategies? Or do they require their own strategies? This study used qualitative interviews with 173 parents of older adolescents from 100 families. Emergent themes described strategies by which parents gain information about their adolescents’ friends and the substance use of those friends. The strategies included direct interaction with the friend, gaining information from the teen, using second-hand sources, and making assumptions. Some of these strategies were consistent with previous research, while others raise new questions and provide interesting new directions to pursue. Primarily, additional consideration needs to be given to assessments of parental monitoring that include strategies for gaining knowledge of adolescents’ friends and their substance use. 相似文献
113.
114.
Melina M. Bersamin Beth Bourdeau Deborah A. Fisher Joel W. Grube 《Sexuality & culture》2010,14(2):157-168
The current longitudinal study explores the relationship between adolescent television use at time 1 and sexual experience
and relationship status (i.e., committed/romantic versus casual) 1 year later. The sample (N = 824) comprised youth aged 14–18. Multinomial logistic regressions predicting group membership from television exposure
variables were conducted controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and prior sexual behavior. Results indicate that
sexually inexperienced youth watched more television overall than sexually experienced youth, but less adult, premium and
music television on cable networks. Premium cable exposure predicted group membership among sexually active youth. Youth who
watched more premium cable at time 1 were more likely to be in casual relationship at last intercourse than a committed one.
A more complete understanding of media effects on adolescent sexual relationships can help guide policy development, media
education/literacy efforts, and contribute to the design of interventions to reduce the negative consequences associated with
adolescent sexual behavior. 相似文献
115.
Advances in science are the combined result of the efforts of a great many scientists, and in many cases, their willingness
to share the products of their research. These products include data sets, both small and large, and unique research resources
not commercially available, such as cell lines and software programs. The sharing of these resources enhances both the scope
and the depth of research, while making more efficient use of time and money. However, sharing is not without costs, many
of which are borne by the individual who develops the research resource. Sharing, for example, reduces the uniqueness of the
resources available to a scientist, potentially influencing the originator’s perceived productivity and ultimately his or
her competitiveness for jobs, promotions, and grants. Nevertheless, for most researchers—particularly those using public funds—sharing
is no longer optional but must be considered an obligation to science, the funding agency, and ultimately society at large.
Most funding agencies, journals, and professional societies now require a researcher who has published work involving a unique
resource to make that resource available to other investigators. Changes could be implemented to mitigate some of the costs.
The creator of the resource could explore the possibility of collaborating with those who request it. In addition, institutions
that employ and fund researchers could change their policies and practices to make sharing a more attractive and viable option.
For example, when evaluating an individual’s productivity, institutions could provide credit for the impact a researcher has
had on their field through the provision of their unique resources to other investigators, regardless of whether that impact
is reflected in the researcher’s list of publications. In addition, increased funding for the development and maintenance
of user-friendly public repositories for data and research resources would also help to reduce barriers to sharing by minimizing
the time, effort, and funding needed by individual investigators to comply with requests for their unique resource. Indeed,
sharing is an imperative, but it is also essential to find ways to protect for both the original owner of the resource and
those wishing to share it. 相似文献
116.
Greenfield TK Stoneking BC Humphreys K Sundby E Bond J 《American journal of community psychology》2008,42(1-2):135-144
This experiment compared the effectiveness of an unlocked, mental health consumer-managed, crisis residential program (CRP) to a locked, inpatient psychiatric facility (LIPF) for adults civilly committed for severe psychiatric problems. Following screening and informed consent, participants (n = 393) were randomized to the CRP or the LIPF and interviewed at baseline and at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year post admission. Outcomes were costs, level of functioning, psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem, enrichment, and service satisfaction. Treatment outcomes were compared using hierarchical linear models. Participants in the CRP experienced significantly greater improvement on interviewer-rated and self-reported psychopathology than did participants in the LIPF condition; service satisfaction was dramatically higher in the CRP condition. CRP-style facilities are a viable alternative to psychiatric hospitalization for many individuals facing civil commitment. 相似文献
117.
This experiment looked at elicited tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states to test the hypothesis that making an error once makes people more likely to make it again, via an implicit learning mechanism. We present a methodology that allows us to determine whether error reoccurrences are due to error learning or to the fact that some items tend to pose repeated difficulty to participants. We elicited TOTs by asking participants to supply the word that fitted a given definition. Each time participants indicated that they were experiencing a TOT they were randomly assigned a delay of either 10 or 30 seconds, during which they were asked to keep trying to retrieve the item. After the delay, the correct answer was supplied. We argue that this longer delay in a TOT state amounts to greater implicit learning of the erroneous state. A period of 48 hours later, participants returned to the laboratory and were asked to supply the words for the same definitions as those seen on Day 1. Results showed that TOTs were almost twice as likely to reoccur on words that had elicited a TOT and been followed by a long delay than on those that had been followed by a short delay. 相似文献
118.
Beth Bergeron Folkemer 《Dialog》2008,47(2):176-180
Abstract : This article discusses the author's experiences on the ELW hymnody editorial team. The theologically and musically trained team considered a wide variety of hymns seeking to balance the needs of the church with the realities of the size limits of a printed volume, in order to produce a work that is able to serve the church well in diverse contexts. 相似文献
119.
Kimberly C Kirby MaryLouise E Kerwin Carolyn M Carpenedo Beth J Rosenwasser Robert S Gardner 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(4):579-595
Contingency management (CM) for drug abstinence has been applied to individuals independently even when delivered in groups. We developed a group CM intervention in which the behavior of a single, randomly selected, anonymous individual determined reinforcement delivery for the entire group. We also compared contingencies placed only on cocaine abstinence (CA) versus one of four behaviors (CA, treatment attendance, group CM attendance, and methadone compliance) selected randomly at each drawing. Two groups were formed with 22 cocaine-dependent community-based methadone patients and exposed to both CA and multiple behavior (MB) conditions in a reversal design counterbalanced across groups for exposure order. The group CM intervention proved feasible and safe. The MB condition improved group CM meeting attendance relative to the CA condition. 相似文献
120.
As part of a longitudinal study, the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C; N. J. Kaslow, K. D. Stark, B. Printz, R. Livingston, & S. L. Tsai, 1992) as well as other measures of cognitive style and depressive symptoms were administered annually to 3 cohorts of children starting in Grades 2, 4, and 6. Developmentally based analyses revealed 4 things: (a) The factor structure of the CTI-C changed over the course of middle childhood and then stabilized in early adolescence; (b) the CTI-C correlated significantly with measures of depression, self-perceived competence, self-worth, perceived controllability, and perceived contingency, but not with measures of attributional style; (c) 1-year stability correlations increased substantially from Grade 2 to Grade 8; and (d) the CTI-C did not generally predict self-reported depressive symptoms 1 year later. Implications emerge regarding developmental changes in the structure of children's depressive cognitions. 相似文献