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121.
Ament PA Robbins DK Brockman CJ Hawkins R Lake S Bazin MB 《Behavior research methods》2008,40(1):309-314
Visual abilities at near-point distances of 200 self-reported normal vision college students were assessed. Results show that normal visual functioning with no deficits is the exception. The most common visual deficits observed involved binocular lateral posture and fusion convergence deficits. Binocular and monocular acuity deficits also had high prevalence rates, although not as prevalent as the binocular convergence deficits. In addition, 1,340 articles published in four major journals from the years 1997-2004 were examined to ascertain the extent to which authors report the visual capabilities of their participants. Reporting of research participant visual abilities by authors using visual stimuli in experiments appears to be lacking. The results are discussed in terms of the potential impact that visual deficits may have on results obtained in experiments in which visual stimuli are used and the importance of reporting the visual assessment tests and procedures used to assess the visual abilities of potential participants. 相似文献
122.
Mia Smith Bynum Ph.D. Beth A. Kotchick Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(5):528-541
This study investigated the role of mother-adolescent relationship quality and autonomy in the psychosocial outcomes in a sample of African American adolescents drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The results indicated that positive mother-adolescent relationship quality and greater autonomy were associated with higher self-esteem, fewer depressive symptoms, and less delinquent behavior. Moreover, adolescents who were older, female, or from households with less income reported more depressive symptoms. In addition, adolescents who were younger or female reported fewer delinquent behaviors. Being male was associated with higher self-esteem. Adolescents’ age, family income, and mother-adolescent relationship quality did not moderate relations between autonomy and the outcome variables. 相似文献
123.
Beth Cross 《Emotion, Space and Society》2009,2(2):98-103
The paper reflects on the author's own life history and the important place that storytelling as a folk tradition and artistic practice play within it. Winicott's concept of potential space is used to explore the possibilities that open up within the space that listener and teller share in the joint creation of the storytelling experience. The construction of this space is an emotional project to which both listener and teller contribute. The article goes on to examine the relevance of this experience for how both spatiality and relationality are conceptualized within research. Working from an underlying premise that knowledge creation is dialogic, the author examines the roles a researcher can play as both listener and teller within research. 相似文献
124.
Mark G. Ehrhart Karen Holcombe Ehrhart Scott C. Roesch Beth G. Chung-Herrera Kristy Nadler Kelsey Bradshaw 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):900-905
Recent efforts have aimed to develop relatively short measures of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, particularly for when time and/or space is limited. We evaluate the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), a non-proprietary FFM measure with two items per dimension. We use a latent variable methodology to examine the TIPI’s factor structure and convergent validity with the 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) FFM measure. We provide correlations between the scale scores and latent factors, and compare each measure’s pattern of correlations with measures of other individual difference constructs. Results were favorable in terms of the factor structure and convergent validity of the TIPI, particularly regarding the correlations between the respective latent factors of the TIPI and the IPIP–FFM measures. 相似文献
125.
Timothy E. Gunn Bethany D. Tavegia Beth M. Houskamp Laura B. McDonald Joy M. Bustrum Robert K. Welsh Doris S. Mok 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(6):653-661
This study examined the relationship between sensory deficits and externalizing behavior problems in preschool children. Parents of 179 urban, Latino preschool children completed two parent-report measures, the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), as a checklist for sensory symptoms, and the Achenbach Checklist for Ages 1½–5 (CBCL/1½–5) to assess externalizing behavior problems. Measures were available in Spanish or English depending on the parent’s preference. Correlations were performed between the total sensory deficits scale of the SSP and the Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Externalizing Problems scales of the CBCL. Significant correlations were found between increasing levels of sensory deficits and increasing externalizing behavior problems. Correlations were also examined in subcategories of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Five-year-old children showed stronger correlations than 4-year-old children, while males showed stronger correlations than females, and the highest correlations were found in children of families reporting between $18,001 and $24,000 per year annual income. Findings suggest that Latino preschool children with externalizing behavior problems may suffer from delays in sensory development that impact their behavior. Clinical interventions should promote strategies that either reduce or increase environmental stimuli in accordance with the sensory abilities of the individual child. 相似文献
126.
Parenting behaviors have received ample support as a mediator of the relationship between maternal affect and child behavior
problems. The majority of these research efforts were based on a uni-dimensional conceptualization of maternal mood, even
though decades of theory and research suggest that mood is multidimensional. We examined the mediating role of parenting behaviors
on positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and reports of child behavior problems. Evidence for mediation was demonstrated
for both PA and NA for children in early to middle childhood. Consistent with the positive psychology movement, our results
suggest that maternal PA plays an important role in parents’ utilization of effective parenting behaviors. Implications for
clinical intervention and future research are discussed. 相似文献
127.
Laurie Beth Feldman Patrick A. O’Connor Fermín Moscoso del Prado Martín 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(4):684-691
Many studies have suggested that a word’s orthographic form must be processed before its meaning becomes available. Some interpret
the (null) finding of equal facilitation after semantically transparent and opaque morphologically related primes in early
stages of morphological processing as consistent with this view. Recent literature suggests that morphological facilitation
tends to be greater after transparent than after opaque primes, however. To determine whether the degree of semantic transparency
influences parsing into a stem and a suffix (morphological decomposition) in the forward masked priming variant of the lexical
decision paradigm, we compared patterns of facilitation between semantically transparent (e.g., coolant—cool) and opaque (e.g., rampant—ramp) prime—target pairs. Form properties of the stem (frequency, neighborhood size, and prime—target letter overlap), as well
as related—unrelated and transparent—opaque affixes, were matched. Morphological facilitation was significantly greater for
semantically transparent pairs than for opaque pairs. Ratings of prime—target relatedness predicted the magnitude of facilitation.
The results limit the scope of form-then-meaning models of word recognition and demonstrate that semantic similarity can influence
even early stages of morphological processing. The research reported here was supported by National Institute of Child Health
and Development Grant HD-01994 to Haskins Laboratories. 相似文献
128.
129.
The authors examine the within-individual dynamics of Big-5 personality states over time in people's daily lives. They focus on the magnitude of this within-individual variability, and the associations between personality states, short-term goals, and subjective well-being states. A total of 101 undergraduate students participated in a 10-day interval-contingent diary study. The authors' findings, based on multilevel procedures, establish a considerable amount of within-individual variability that is both (a) equal or larger than that observed between individuals and (b) larger or similar to other constructs assessed with a state approach (e.g., self-esteem and mood). In addition, both neuroticism and extraversion states are systematically related to the short-term pursuit of approach-avoidance goals. Finally, support was obtained for the mediating role of both neuroticism and extraversion states of the association between goals and subjective well-being. In sum, the authors' findings testify to the importance and utility of studying within-individual variability in personality states over time. 相似文献
130.
The relationship between maternal distress and mother's reports of psychosocial problems in their children has been well-documented. However, relatively little research has investigated the relationship between maternal and family distress and young children's perception of their own functioning. Using a brief questionnaire designed for use with children, data were collected from 166 mothers and their children aged 5-12 years. Children provided information about their own daily functioning, and mothers provided information about their own, their child's, and their family's psychosocial functioning. Findings indicated that while children generally agreed with the reports of their mothers, children of distressed mothers self-reported better daily functioning than their mothers did. Distressed mothers tended globally to report negatively about themselves, their child, and their family. The present findings suggest that when assessing mothers or children, the reports of children should be considered as well as the reports of mothers. 相似文献