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271.
Bert Klandermans Jose Manuel Sabucedo Mauro Rodriguez 《European journal of social psychology》2004,34(3):279-295
In this paper we discuss inclusiveness of identification among farmers in Galicia (Spain) and The Netherlands. Identification with three nested categories—farmers in the local community, farmers in the country, and farmers in Europe was assessed among 167 Dutch and 248 Galician farmers at three points in time: winter of 1993/94, winter 1995 and fall 1995. Our findings suggest that inclusiveness reduces the level of identification. However, the observed patterns of identification were more complex than inclusiveness per se can account for. Borrowing from the common ingroup‐identity model, functional and socialization models of identity formation, and a model of politicized collective identity we formulated hypotheses about patterns of identification that were to be expected. On the whole our findings supported our theoretical reasoning. Galician farmers appear to identify much less with farmers in their country and Europe than Dutch farmers do. Inclusiveness of identification appears to be linked to experience with national and supranational political institutions. More political knowledge and involvement appear to generate more inclusive patterns of identification. Among Galician farmers evaluation of the agricultural policy of the European Union is negatively related to identification with farmers in Europe, among Dutch farmers the two are positively related. Finally, more inclusive identities seem to be more politicized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
272.
This study presents experimental results indicating that there are sex differences in the susceptibility to a geometric optical illusion. Participants (57 male and 39 female undergraduate students) performed 3 trials on a test involving the Poggendorff illusion. Analysis indicated that the magnitude of the illusion diminished significantly with each trial and that the percent perceived error was significantly larger for women than for men. This finding is consistent with the numerous studies which have indicated better visuospatial abilities for men than for women. 相似文献
273.
Angela Heine Sascha Tamm Bert De Smedt Michael Schneider Verena Thaler Joke Torbeyns 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(5):461-477
Sixty-six primary school children were selected, of which 21 scored low on a standardized math achievement test, 23 were normal, and 22 high achievers. In a numerical Stroop experiment, children were asked to make numerical and physical size comparisons on digit pairs. The effects of congruity and numerical distance were determined. All children exhibited congruity and distance effects in the numerical comparison. In the physical comparison, children of all performance groups showed Stroop effects when the numerical distance between the digits was large but failed to show them when the distance was small. Numerical distance effects depended on the congruity condition, with a typical effect of distance in the congruent, and a reversed distance effect in the incongruent condition. Our results are hard to reconcile with theories that suggest that deficits in the automaticity of numerical processing can be related to differential math achievement levels. Immaturity in the precision of mappings between numbers and their numerical magnitudes might be better suited to explain the Stroop effects in children. However, as the results for the high achievers demonstrate, in addition to numerical processing capacity per se, domain-general functions might play a crucial role in Stroop performance, too. 相似文献
274.
Elke Cabooter Kobe Millet Bert Weijters Mario Pandelaere 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2016,26(4):510-523
275.
Bertolt Meyer Michael J. Burtscher Klaus Jonas Sebastian Feese Bert Arnrich Gerhard Tröster 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2016,25(6):773-789
We supplement broad definitions of leadership behaviour with the concept of micro-level leadership behaviour, leaders’ verbal and non-verbal visible conduct and interaction. For the context of team decision-making, we identify two potentially beneficial micro-level leadership behaviours, question asking and behavioural mimicry. Specifically, we propose that under conditions of informational complexity and unshared information, participative leadership is most appropriate for team decision-making, that its effects are mediated by inquiring and empathy, and that question asking and mimicry are the behavioural micro-level manifestations of inquiring and empathy. We thus hypothesize that the effect of participative leadership on team decision quality and leader evaluation is mediated by question asking and mimicry. We conduct a laboratory experiment with student teams working on a hidden profile decision-making task and measure question asking through behavioural coding and mimicry with motion sensors. Results show that the effect of participative leadership on decision quality is mediated by question asking, and that the effect of participative leadership on leader evaluation as transformational is mediated by leaders’ behavioural mimicry and question asking. Under control of these micro-level behaviours, team decision quality and leader evaluations were unrelated. 相似文献
276.
Loren Vandenbroucke Karine Verschueren Eva Ceulemans Bert De Smedt Kim De Roover Dieter Baeyens 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2016,34(2):226-244
Executive functioning (EF), needed for goal‐oriented behaviour, thoughts, and emotions, is important for various life domains. This study examined the relationship between family demographics and EF subcomponents. A kindergarten sample was tested on subcomponents of working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Parents provided information on demographic variables. For 78 children both EF and demographic data were available. First, demographic profiles were identified within the sample. Two profiles were found: A low‐risk profile of mainly two‐biological‐parent, high‐income families with a highly educated mother who did not smoke during pregnancy and a high‐risk profile of low‐income families with a young, low‐educated mother who more often smoked during pregnancy. Second, children with different demographic profiles were compared on EF subcomponents. Results indicate differential relations between family demographics and EF subcomponents: Whereas for most EF subcomponents no association with family demographics was found, high‐risk children performed better on response shifting and tended to perform worse on verbal memory than low‐risk children. Parenting stress decreased performance only for high‐risk children. Although this study found limited impact of family demographics for EF, further longitudinal research can provide nuanced insights about which factors influence specific EF subcomponents during which developmental periods and guide targeted prevention of EF difficulties. 相似文献
277.
Carola Wiklund‐Hörnqvist Bert Jonsson Lars Nyberg 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2014,55(1):10-16
The aim of this study was to examine whether repeated testing with feedback benefits learning compared to rereading of introductory psychology key‐concepts in an educational context. The testing effect was examined immediately after practice, after 18 days, and at a five‐week delay in a sample of undergraduate students (n = 83). The results revealed that repeated testing with feedback significantly enhanced learning compared to rereading at all delays, demonstrating that repeated retrieval enhances retention compared to repeated encoding in the short‐ and the long‐term. In addition, the effect of repeated testing was beneficial for students irrespectively of working memory capacity. It is argued that teaching methods involving repeated retrieval are important to consider by the educational system. 相似文献
278.
Although age differences in cardiovascular function are well documented, little research has provided longitudinal evidence for age-related changes in cardiovascular reactivity to stress. In this study, the authors report such data from a follow-up of their prior work (B. N. Uchino, D. Uno, J. Holt-Lunstad, & J. B. Flinders, 1999) with participants between the ages of 30 to 70 (n=108, mean follow-up=10 months, range=7 to 16 months). Results revealed longitudinal evidence for an age-related increase in systolic blood-pressure reactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal to acute stress. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the increased cardiovascular disease risk with age, as well as the links between aging, emotions, and physiology. 相似文献
279.
Gordijn B 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):521-533
Nanotechnology is a swiftly developing field of technology that is believed to have the potential of great upsides and excessive
downsides. In the ethical debate there has been a strong tendency to strongly focus on either the first or the latter. As
a consequence ethical assessments of nanotechnology tend to radically diverge. Optimistic visionaries predict truly utopian
states of affairs. Pessimistic thinkers present all manner of apocalyptic visions. Whereas the utopian views follow from one-sidedly
focusing on the potential benefits of nanotechnology, the apocalyptic perspectives result from giving exclusive attention
to possible worst-case scenarios. These radically opposing evaluations hold the risk of conflicts and unwanted backlashes.
Furthermore, many of these drastic views are based on simplified and outdated visions of a nanotechnology dominated by self-replicating
assemblers and nanomachines. Hence, the present state of the ethical debate on nanotechnology calls for the development of
more balanced and better-informed assessments. As a first step in this direction this contribution presents a new method of
framing the ethical debate on nanotechnology. Thus, the focus of this paper is on methodology, not on normative analysis. 相似文献
280.