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221.
When analyzing categorical data, it is often important to assess the magnitude of variation, or consensus, among observations in unordered categories. Utilizing the theory of partitions, exact solutions for five commonly used measures of categorical variation are presented. When the number of partitions is very large, resampling methods provide close approximations to exact probability values. 相似文献
222.
Berry DT Cimino CR Chong NK LaVelle SN Ho IK Morse TL Thacker SR 《Journal of personality assessment》2001,76(2):296-314
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) results were compared in 118 psychiatric outpatients given standard instructions, instructions to exaggerate their problems, instructions to feign a disorder they did not have, or instructions to feign global psychological disturbance. The groups were comparable on demographic, occupational and diagnostic characteristics as well as intake MMPI-2 results. Experimental MMPI-2 results showed that clinical scales were generally elevated in the feigning groups, with only modest differences across dissimulating instruction sets. The feigning groups had reliably higher scores than controls on all overreporting indexes examined, although no significant differences between feigning groups were present for overreporting indexes. Classification rates using previously proposed cutting scores for outpatients on individual feigning indexes showed near perfect specificity, but low to at best moderate sensitivity. Multiple regression analyses indicated that Gough's (1954) Dissimulation Scale (Ds2) was most strongly related to feigning status, and no other feigning scale contributed a significant increment in predictive power once Ds2 was entered. 相似文献
223.
Berry GL 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2003,9(4):360-366
Television can be an important medium for the teaching and learning of the developing child. This article explores how social learning theory and the cross-cultural images and portrayals on television might influence the multicultural attitudes, values, and beliefs of children. 相似文献
224.
The Iowa Gambling Task has been widely used in the assessment of neurological patients with ventro-mesial frontal lesions. The Iowa Group has claimed that the Gambling Task is too complex for participants to follow using cognition alone, so that participants must rely on emotion-based learning systems (somatic markers). The present study investigates whether similar tasks can be performed without direct somatic markers. In a 'Firefighter' task closely matched to the classic Gambling Task, participants evaluate the performance of others--so that they experience reward and punishment indirectly. In contrast to the gradual improvement in performance seen on the classic Iowa Gambling Task, participants on the Firefighter Task showed no learning effect, mirroring the performance of patients with ventro-mesial frontal lesions, and suggesting that the task is very difficult to perform without direct somatic marker information. The use of this task as empirical measure of 'empathy' are discussed. 相似文献
225.
Mendes WB Reis HT Seery MD Blascovich J 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2003,84(4):771-792
Three studies examined cardiovascular (CV) responses during emotional expression with empathically responsive strangers. Study 1 demonstrated that self-relevant emotional expression fostered CV reactivity consistent with challenge. Study 2 manipulated content of discussion by assigning participants to 1 of 4 conditions: emotional, nonemotional, emotional suppression, nonemotional suppression. In same-sex dyads. emotional expression elicited CV challenge reactivity whereas emotional suppression evoked CV threat reactivity, both compared with appropriate control groups. In opposite-sex dyads, however, emotional expression engendered CV threat. Because same- and opposite-sex disclosures differed, Study 3 controlled the content of emotional expression while manipulating gender context. Results confirmed findings from the first 2 studies, indicating that both context and content of emotional expression influenced CV effects. Findings are discussed within a theoretical challenge and threat perspective. 相似文献
226.
227.
Arthur P. Shimamura Jane M. Berry Jennifer A. Mangels Cheryl L. Rusting Paul J. Jurica 《Psychological science》1995,6(5):271-277
Abstract— Professors from the University of California at Berkeley were administered a 90-min test battery of cognitive performance that included measures of reaction time, paired-associate learning, working memory, and prose recall. Age effects among the professors were observed on tests of reaction time, paired-associate memory, and some aspects of working memory. Age effects were not observed on measures of proactive interference and prose recall, though age-related declines are generally observed in standard groups of elderly individuals. The findings suggest that age-related decrements in certain cognitive functions may be mitigated in intelligent, cognitively active individuals 相似文献
228.
P. Paul Heppner Dennis M. Kivlighan Gail E. Wright Deanna S. Pledge Daniel F. Brossart Anna Maria Bellatin Li-fei Wang Mark H. Kinder James B. Hertel Frederica M. Hendricks Hoyoung Kim Roxann J. Durham Thomas R. Berry Thomas E. Witty Lori A. Krull 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1995,73(3):337-341
The authors describe a teaching activity using a poster-session format to teach first-year counseling psychology doctoral students the history of counseling. Evaluative data suggest that the format was an effective and powerful tool to teach beginning counseling psychology students the history of the profession. The implications of the evaluative feedback are discussed in terms of teaching and preparing the next generation of counselors. 相似文献
229.
230.
A recursion procedure for generating point probability values, cumulative probability values, and interval probability values of discrete distributions is described. Algorithms and associated FORTRAN functions for five representative discrete probability distributions are presented : binomial, hypergeometric, negative binomial, inverse hypergeometric, and Poisson. The joint use of recursion and a small arbitrary initial value ensures computational efficiency. 相似文献