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An experiment was conducted to explore the temporal structure of set formation in a complex reaction time (RT) task. On each trial an instruction [I-event] was given telling Ss whether identity of color or form on a separately presented alternative display (A-event) was the dimension relevant on that trial. The A-event consisted of a pattern of four colored forms. The two forms on one side were matched for color and on the other side for form. S’s task was to depress one of two keys. The correct key was homolateral to the matched relevant dimension. The basic independent variable was the time interval separating the I- and A-events (ISI). At short ISIs, RT wasa linear function oflSI with slope equal to -0.5. RT was independent of the order in which the events occurred at short ISIs, although at longer ISIs (3 sec) RT was longer when the A-event followed the I-event. Also, RT was shorter at short ISIs when color was the relevant dimension rather than form. although this difference disappearedat longer ISIs. The results were discussed in relation to information processing models and previous research dealing with partialadvance information. 相似文献
53.
Ira H. Bernstein R. Randolph Blake Michael H. Hughes 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1968,3(3):177-184
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the psychological refractory period (PRP), a delay induced into the second of two reaction times (RT) when the interstimulus interval (ISI) is short. In Experiment1, time and event uncertainty were factorially varied by providing or not providing S with foreknowledge of the ISI and the order in which the two events would occur, respectively. ISIs of0, 50, 100, 200, and400 msec were used. Time and event uncertainty produced independent degradation of both RTs. Also, the second RT (RT 2 ) was delayed at50 msec ISI when both time and event certainty were present. Experiment 2 attempted to replicate this latter finding using ISIs of0, 25, 50, 75, and100 msec. Delays in RT 2 were found for the middle three values of ISI. These results were interpreted as supporting a modified single channel theory of the PRP. 相似文献
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Ira H. Bernstein Robert W. Proctor Joseph Belcher Donald L. Schurman 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,16(2):329-336
Using a brightness-discrimination task similar to that employed by Bernstein, Proctor, Proctor, and Schurman (1973), masking functions were obtained in two experiments. In Experiment I, test stimulus (TS) and mask stimulus (MS) energies were held constant but luminance and duration were varied reciprocally. The obtained masking functions, plotted as a function of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), were of an essentially identical U shape. This suggests that (a) SOA is a more suitable measure of delay than interstimulus interval, and (b) Bloch’s law holds for the requisite discrimination. In Experiment II, TS luminance and MS luminance were varied independently. This was to see whether the MS served as a frame of reference at short SOA, as suggested previously (Bernstein et al, 1973). The results were that this was, in fact, the case and that the transition from comparative to absolute judgment strategies as SOA increases is a major contributor to U-shaped masking functions. 相似文献
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Ira H. Bernstein 《Behavior research methods》2000,32(2):372-376
Projects in Experimental Psychology (Sorkin, 1997) is a Windows-based series of nine classical perception experiments. It is primarily designed for laboratory use in perception and related courses. The program is generally simple to use and exploits the “point-and-click” features of Windows quite well. It complements, rather than competes with, Levy and Ransdell’s (1998) Laboratory in Cognition and Perception, which is more suitable for courses in memory. Projects can be extremely useful in laboratory courses in perception and cognition, although the number and range of studies may presently be too limited to be the exclusive source of data in these courses. Although instructors proficient with experiment generators such as MEL (Schneider, 1998) or ERTS (Beringer, 1992) may opt to design their own experiments, this is an excellent alternative for those who lack the time or the background to do so. 相似文献
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Anthony Cursan Michael J. Bernstein Alexandre Pascual Marie-Line Félonneau 《The Journal of social psychology》2017,157(3):338-351
This study investigated the impact of ostracism (vs. inclusion) for women in a same-sex vs. opposite-sex group on their cognitive performances. Female participants played Cyberball with other women or men and were either included or excluded. Participants then had to engage in the performance tasks. Results showed that women’s performance was decreased by ostracism in a math task (but not a verbal task) yet only in the same-sex condition. Furthermore, this result was obtained only among participants who did the numeric task first. No effect was observed in the verbal task. Two replications of the initial study were conducted using the math task. The result of the first study has been replicated one time. A meta-analysis revealed a small effect of ostracism on performance in the ingroup condition, whereas the effect seems to be non-existent in the outgroup condition. Results are discussed and future perspectives are proposed. 相似文献
60.
Although colloquial wisdom and some studies suggest an association between regular aerobic exercise and emotional well-being, the nature of this link remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that aerobic exercise may change the way people respond to their emotions. Specifically, we tested whether individuals experiencing difficulties with emotion regulation would benefit from a previous session of exercise and show swifter recovery than their counterparts who did not exercise. Participants (N?=?80) completed measures of emotion response tendencies, mood, and anxiety, and were randomly assigned to either stretch or jog for 30?minutes. All participants then underwent the same negative and positive mood inductions, and reported their emotional responses. Analyses showed that more perceived difficulty generating regulatory strategies and engaging in goal-directed behaviours after the negative mood induction predicted more intense and persistent negative affect in response to the stressor, as would be expected. Interactions revealed that aerobic exercise attenuated these effects. Moderate aerobic exercise may help attenuate negative emotions for participants initially experiencing regulatory difficulties. This study contributes to the literature on aerobic exercise’s therapeutic effects with experimental data, specifically in the realm of emotional processing. 相似文献