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241.
Free-variable semantic tableaux are a well-established technique for first-order theorem proving where free variables act as a meta-linguistic device for tracking the eigenvariables used during proof search. We present the theoretical foundations to extend this technique to propositional modal logics, including non-trivial rigorous proofs of soundness and completeness, and also present various techniques that improve the efficiency of the basic naive method for such tableaux. 相似文献
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Bernhard Weiss 《Synthese》2009,171(3):521-529
The paper examines Wright’s attempt to inflate deflationism about truth. It accepts the details of Wright’s argument but contends that it should best be seen as posing a dilemma for the deflationist: either truth is independent of norms of warranted assertibility—in which case it is substantial—or it is not—in which case epistemicism about truth is a consequence. Some concerns about epistemicism are raised in avoiding the second horn. The first is avoided by distinguishing between independence and substantiality and arguing that only the first applies to truth and only the second is worrisome to deflationism. So, despite its sub-title, the following is not a diatribe against Home Rule but a modest defence of deflationism. 相似文献
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Stefan M. Schulz Erica Ayala Bernhard Dahme Thomas Ritz 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(4):1121-1126
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a common estimator of vagal outflow to the heart, dependent on parasympathetic activity.
During variable breathing, both respiration rate and tidal volume contribute substantially to within-individual RSA variance.
A respiratory control method allows for within-individual correction of the time-domain index of RSA. rsaToolbox is a set
of MATLAB programs for scoring respiration-corrected RSA using measurements of cardiac interbeat intervals, respiratory-cycle
times, and tidal volumes, recorded at different paced-breathing frequencies. The within-individual regression of RSA divided
by tidal volume upon total respiratory cycle time is then used to estimate the baseline vagal tone for each breath of a given
total respiratory-cycle time. During a subsequent analysis, the difference between the observed RSA (divided by the tidal
volume at each breath) and the RSA divided by the tidal volume that was predicted by the baseline equation serves as an estimate
of changes in vagal tone. rsaToolbox includes a graphical user interface for intuitive handling. Modular implementation of
the algorithm also allows for flexible integration within other analytic strategies or for batch processing. 相似文献
248.
Colzato Lorenza S. Barone Hayley Sellaro Roberta Hommel Bernhard 《Psychological research》2017,81(1):271-277
Psychological Research - A recent study showed that binaural beats have an impact on the efficiency of allocating attention over time. We were interested to see whether this impact affects... 相似文献
249.
Bernhard Schlagbauer Maurice Mink Hermann J. Müller Thomas Geyer 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(2):508-521
Observers are able to resume an interrupted search trial faster relative to responding to a new, unseen display. This finding of rapid resumption is attributed to short-term perceptual hypotheses generated on the current look and confirmed upon subsequent looks at the same display. It has been suggested that the contents of perceptual hypotheses are similar to those of other forms of memory acquired long-term through repeated exposure to the same search displays over the course of several trials, that is, the memory supporting “contextual cueing.” In three experiments, we investigated the relationship between short-term perceptual hypotheses and long-term contextual memory. The results indicated that long-term, contextual memory of repeated displays neither affected the generation nor the confirmation of short-term perceptual hypotheses for these displays. Furthermore, the analysis of eye movements suggests that long-term memory provides an initial benefit in guiding attention to the target, whereas in subsequent looks guidance is entirely based on short-term perceptual hypotheses. Overall, the results reveal a picture of both long- and short-term memory contributing to reliable performance gains in interrupted search, while exerting their effects in an independent manner. 相似文献
250.
Ronacher B Wohlgemuth S Vogel A Krahe R 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2008,122(3):252-263
A characteristic feature of hearing systems is their ability to resolve both fast and subtle amplitude modulations of acoustic signals. This applies also to grasshoppers, which for mate identification rely mainly on the characteristic temporal patterns of their communication signals. Usually the signals arriving at a receiver are contaminated by various kinds of noise. In addition to extrinsic noise, intrinsic noise caused by stochastic processes within the nervous system contributes to making signal recognition a difficult task. The authors asked to what degree intrinsic noise affects temporal resolution and, particularly, the discrimination of similar acoustic signals. This study aims at exploring the neuronal basis for sexual selection, which depends on exploiting subtle differences between basically similar signals. Applying a metric, by which the similarities of spike trains can be assessed, the authors investigated how well the communication signals of different individuals of the same species could be discriminated and correctly classified based on the responses of auditory neurons. This spike train metric yields clues to the optimal temporal resolution with which spike trains should be evaluated. 相似文献