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181.
Bernhard Fink Nick Neave Gayle Brewer Boguslaw Pawlowski 《Personality and individual differences》2007,43(8):2249-2257
In contemporary Western populations, some physical characteristics are sexually dimorphic, and it is known that these traits also affect human mate preferences. Height is one such characteristic, and evidence suggests that females prefer taller over shorter males, indeed, taller males have been found to have greater reproductive success. However, relative height is also important with ‘Sexual Dimorphism in Stature’ (SDS) calculated as male height/female height. Pawlowski (2003) showed that people adjust their preferences for SDS in relation to their own height in order to increase their potential pool of partners. The aim of the present study was to replicate Pawlowski’s study on a larger sample of participants, and to investigate the universality of the reported preference adjustment within European societies. We present data of 1102 men and women from three countries (Germany, Austria, and the UK) that confirm Pawlowski’s original data on a Polish sample. Moreover, the mechanism of an adjustment of SDS preferences in relation to own height was found in all three countries, suggesting that height dependent partner preference is a genuine feature in Western societies. 相似文献
182.
Ten years ago, two reviews of clinical attachment research were published in this journal (Schmidt and Strauß 1996; Strauß and Schmidt 1997) dealing with the question whether this theory might be of relevance for psychotherapy. Since that time, numerous theoretical and empirical papers related to this issue have been published, thus, justifying an update. The prediction that attachment theory would gain importance within psychotherapy and psychosomatics has been clearly confirmed. Elements of attachment theory have been incorporated into non-specific and specific psychotherapeutic approaches. Recently, also including neurobiological evidence, clinical attachment research continues to deal with the question whether clinical diagnoses or constructs can be differentiated on the basis of attachment characteristics. Related to this question, problems in assessing attachment characteristics are still of relevance. Within psychotherapy research, attachment-related characteristics are primarily investigated in relation to a) their value to predict treatment outcome, b) their significance for the psychotherapeutic process and c) their change during treatment. 相似文献
183.
The attentional blink (AB) is often attributed to resource limitations, but the nature of these resources is commonly underspecified.
Recent observations rule out access to short-term memory or storage capacity as limiting factors, but operation bottlenecks
are still an option. We considered the operation span of working memory (WM) as a possible factor and investigated the relationship
between individual WM operation span (as measured by OSPAN), fluid intelligence (as measures by Raven’s SPM), and the size
of the AB. WM operation span was negatively correlated with the AB, whereas fluid intelligence was associated with higher
overall accuracy but not with AB magnitude. These results support the idea that individual processing limitations (with regard
to either attentional allocation policies or the speed of global cortical integration processes) play a key role in the AB. 相似文献
184.
The microgenesis of action-effect binding 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ideomotor theories of human action control assume that performing a movement leads to the automatic integration of the underlying
motor pattern with codes of its perceptual consequences. We studied the microgenesis of action-effect integration by varying
the mapping of action effects upon actions from trial to trial. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that perceiving a tone repetition
systematically affects one’s tendency to carry out the response that produced that tone in the previous trial, suggesting
that even the unintentional production of a stimulus creates a temporary binding of that stimulus with the action that brought
it about. Experiments 3 and 4 extended this finding in suggesting that the integration and/or retrieval of action effects
is modulated by attentional factors: Ongoing performance is more impacted by action effects if they are salient or match the
current attentional set.
相似文献
Bernhard HommelEmail: |
185.
Action control according to TEC (theory of event coding) 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Bernhard Hommel 《Psychological research》2009,73(4):512-526
The theory of event coding (TEC) is a general framework explaining how perceived and produced events (stimuli and responses)
are cognitively represented and how their representations interact to generate perception and action. This article discusses
the implications of TEC for understanding the control of voluntary action and makes an attempt to apply, specify, and concretize
the basic theoretical ideas in the light of the available research on action control. In particular, it is argued that the
major control operations may take place long before a stimulus is encountered (the prepared-reflex principle), that stimulus-response
translation may be more automatic than commonly thought, that action selection and execution are more interwoven than most
approaches allow, and that the acquisition of action-contingent events (action effects) is likely to subserve both the selection
and the evaluation of actions.
相似文献
Bernhard HommelEmail: |
186.
Dipl.-Psych. Steffi Kohl Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Heide Glaesmer Lutz Goldbeck Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Astrid Sonntag Nina Spröber Ulrike Willutzki Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):445-456
Background
A survey was carried out to ask the trainers and supervisors about their appraisal of the quality of the psychotherapy training and about ways to improve it 10 years after the inception of the “German psychotherapy law”.Methods
Training institutes provided e-mail addresses and other contact information from over 5,000 trainers. The questioning was carried out mainly by on-line questionnaires and 2,196 data sets were used for analysis.Results
Trainers showed overall satisfaction with the components of psychotherapy training and the skills of the training candidates. More knowledge transfer in the fields of therapy techniques and case studies and more cooperation with other professional groups were suggested. Trainers acknowledged redundancies between professional training and university studies and observed a heterogeneity of trainees, however, these were mostly considered helpful. Only half of the trainers were subject to evaluation of their work.Conclusions
The quality of psychotherapy training could be improved by stronger emphasis on practical knowledge. Structural changes should be made to take the problem of redundancies and heterogeneities into account. Regular and continuous evaluation of the training should become an integral part of professional training and the results should have consequences. 相似文献187.
This review is based upon an appraisal of training research in psychotherapy showing that many questions are still unanswered. By means of a schema for the organization of research results that differentiates input, process and output variables, unselected results are summarized relating to issues such as the choice of the psychotherapeutic profession, pre-experiences of candidates, the selection of an orientation, personality factors, characteristics of training institutes, quality standards, as well as the organisation and structure of training programs. Process oriented studies mainly focus on the operationalisation and development of skills, the significance, the effects of and the satisfaction with training components. Finally, the output category comprises results related to graduation, to professional development during and following training and to the development of competence and its prediction. 相似文献
188.
Animal Cognition - Consonant tone combinations occur naturally in the overtone series of harmonic sounds. These include sounds that many non-human animals produce to communicate. As such, non-human... 相似文献
189.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
190.