On Jan Łukasiewicz's ‘The Principle of Contradiction and Symbolic Logic’

This is a companion article to the translation of ‘Zasada sprzeczno?ci a logika symboliczna’, the appendix on symbolic logic of Jan ?ukasiewicz's 1910 book O zasadzie sprzeczno?ci u Arytotelesa (On the Principle of Contradiction in Aristotle). While the appendix closely follows Couturat's 1905 book L'algebra de la logique (The Algebra of Logic), footnotes show that ?ukasiewicz was aware of the work of Peirce, Huntington and Russell (before Principia Mathematica). This appendix was influential in the development of the Polish school of logic, directly inspiring Stanis?aw Le?niewski and Leon Chwistek and more widely by serving as a text of the new symbolic logic. This appendix was an important source of the dominant algebraic logic in Poland, but also indicates that ?ukasiewicz appreciated Russell's axiomatic approach to logic.     

The Principle of Contradiction and Symbolic Logic

This is the first English translation directly based on the original Polish ‘Zasada sprzeczno?ci a logika symboliczna’, the appendix on symbolic logic of Jan ?ukasiewicz's 1910 book O zasadzie sprzeczno?ci u Arytotelesa (On the Principle of Contradiction in Aristotle).     

A multimodal investigation of emotional responding in alexithymia

The personality construct of alexithymia is thought to reflect a deficit in the cognitive processing and regulation of emotional states. To explore the relations between alexithymia and emotional responding, 50 older adults (28 men, 22 women) were studied across different contexts: (1) initial exposure to an emotion‐evoking movie; (2) second exposure to that stimulus; (3) reports of rumination and social sharing; and (4) describing their emotional response (verbal re‐evocation). Facets of the alexithymia construct were associated at the initial exposure with lower emotional responses at the cognitive‐experiential level, but with higher emotional responses at the physiological level as measured by heart rate. At the second exposure, the results were replicated for physiological responses. Certain facets of alexithymia were associated also with lower reports of rumination and social sharing involving emotional aspects, and with a lower proportion of emotional words related to the emotional stimulus during the verbal re‐evocation.