Career perspectives of male prison inmates in college courses

The article presents a profile of college-attending prison inmates' personality and vocational interests based on Holland's theory of careers and an assessment of their attitudes that are critical in realistic career decision-making.     

Syntactic criteria in prearticulatory editing: Evidence from laboratory-induced slips of the tongue

Earlier studies of laboratory-induced verbal slips have provided a partial model of prearticulatory editing in speech production—a cognitive process by which impending phoneme strings are evaluated for their linguistic and extralinguistic integrity prior to articulation. These studies have provided evidence of editing based upon phonotactic, lexical, and semantic criteria. The present study demonstrates the existence of syntactic editing criteria via laboratory-induced spoonerisms. Experiment I demonstrates that syntactically legitimate spoonerism errors (e.g., mice saw) are more frequent than syntactically anomalous spoonerism errors (e.g., mice sees), suggesting that prearticulatory phonological processing decisions are modified on the basis of syntactic criteria. Experiment II demonstrates that the criteria for syntactically legnitimate spoonerisms can be influenced by aspects of the syntactic context. Implications are discussed.     

A note on some Armenian philosophers

Possessed of a long and honorable philosophical tradition of its own, Soviet Armenia provides an unequalled opportunity for examining the attempt to reconcile the new Soviet culture with long-standing cultural values. Unfortunately, a thorough examination of available sources provides no unambiguous conclusion. Some contemporary Armenian philosophers do manage to imbue their work with a definitely national stamp. On the other hand, Soviet Armenia — like other areas of the Soviet Union — has its share of centralists. However, what is most interesting is that their existential situation has led them to fruitful pursuit of a philosophical elaboration of problems of culture.     

DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract— Intensity (loudness), frequency (pitch), and duration discrimination were examined in 41 normal-hearing children, aged 4 to 6 years, and 9 adults. A second study retested 25 of the youngest children 12 to 18 months later. Intensity discrimination showed the least improvement with age and was adultlike by age 5 for most of the children. In contrast, frequency and duration discrimination showed highly significant improvement with age, but remained poorer than adults' discrimination for many 6-year-olds. Large individual differences were observed within alt tasks and age groups.     

Diderot,Jacques, le Maître,le spectateur et l'amateur — Raconter le tableau,argumenter le goût

Résumé Dans une séquence deJacques le Fataliste, Diderot met aux prises deux approches du tableau: l'une, qui est le fait de Jacques, est fondée sur la médiation narrative et les puissances rhétoriques de l'énonciation langagière; l'autre, ironiquement visée par le Maître, implique les habitus de l'amateur et les savoirs du connaisseur. La peinture se trouve ainsi être l'enjeu de deux stratégies discursives, qui, en dernière analyse, renvoient à des régimes de langage et à des postures du sujet antithétiques: une dépense et une économie. Radicalisant un affrontement qui se faisait jour dans lesSalons, cette scène tardive nous rappelle que pour Diderot la vue ne saurait avoir le dernier mot.     

Conservatism and Perceptions of Poverty: An Attributional Analysis1

Attribution theory was used to relate causal explanations for poverty to affect and behavioral intentions. In Experiment 1, student subjects rated 13 causes of poverty on importance, the attribution of controllability, blame, affects of pity and anger, and judgments of help-giving (personal help and welfare). Two individual differences, conservatism and the belief in a just world, were also assessed. A principal components analysis categorized the causes into three types: individualistic, societal, and fatalistic. Conservatism correlated positively with a belief in the importance of individualistic causes, controllability, blame, and anger, and it correlated negatively with perceptions of the importance of societal causes, pity, and intentions to help. No systematic effects of the belief in a just world emerged. A structural equation analysis revealed that personal help is emotionally determined, whereas welfare judgments are directly related to attributions of responsibility and political ideology. Experiment 2 revealed a similar pattern of results using a nonstudent sample.     

The effects of three abstinence sex education programs on student attitudes toward sexual activity

The effects of three abstinence sex education programs on student attitudes toward sexual activity were studied. The programs were administered to 7th- and 10th-grade students in three school districts in the State of Utah. All students were administered a pre- and posttest survey to determine attitude change. The independent variables were program, grade level, gender, and pre/posttest. The dependent variable was the combined and averaged response to 12 questions taken from the survey. There was a four-way interaction between the independent variables. The Sex Respect program produced the most positive attitude change.