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Victoria S. Harrison 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2006,59(3):133-152
Few seem to have difficulty in distinguishing between religious and secular institutions, yet there is widespread disagreement
regarding what “religion” actually means. Indeed, some go so far as to question whether there is anything at all distinctive
about religions. Hence, formulating a definition of “religion” that can command wide assent has proven to be an extremely
difficult task. In this article, I consider the most prominent of the many rival definitions that have been proposed, the
majority falling within three basic types: intellectual, affective and functional definitions. I conclude that there are pragmatic
reasons for favouring the formerly popular view that essentialist definitions of “religions” are inadequate, and that religions
should be construed, instead, as possessing a number of “family resemblances.” In so arguing, I provide a response to the
view that there is nothing distinctive about religions, as well as to the recent claim that religions do not exist. 相似文献
945.
The Psychological Record - A conversational approach is developed to explain the ubiquitous presence of rumors, urban legends, and gossip as arising from their conversational properties rather than... 相似文献
946.
Lisa A. Harrison Chiesha M. Stevens Adrienne N. Monty Christine A. Coakley 《Social Psychology of Education》2006,9(3):341-357
This research examined whether socioeconomic stereotypes produce stereotype threat among lower, middle, or upper income college
students who are either White or non-White. Before completing an academic test, participants were either told that the purpose
of the research was to understand why lower income students generally perform worse on academic tests or to examine problem-solving
processes. Results showed that lower income students exposed to stereotype threat experienced greater test anxiety and performed
worse on the academic test than their middle income and higher income counterparts. However, lower income students who experienced
stereotype threat exerted as much effort on the test as lower income students who did not experience stereotype threat. Nonetheless,
they were less likely to identify with school-related subjects. Stereotype threat and reduced performance did not influence
lower income students’ self-esteem. Participant race did not influence these findings. The research is discussed in light
of cognitive dissonance theory.
Portions of the results were presented at the 2004 American Psychological Society Conference, Chicago, IL.
Lisa A. Harrison is an assistant professor of psychology at California State University, Sacramento. Her research interests
include stereotypes and prejudice, gender role norms and female athletes, and the influence of
social identity on judgments of interpersonal violence. E-mail: lharriso@csus.edu
Chiesha M. Stevens is currently working toward her MA in industrial/organizational psychology at California State University, Long Beach
Adrienne N. Monty is currently working toward her MA in psychology at California State University, Sacramento
Christine Coakley received her BA in psychology from California State University, Sacramento where she is currently working toward her MA in
industrial/organizational psychology. Her research interests include stereotype threat, optimism, motivation and employee
burnout in special education. E-mail: Sac78629@saclink.csus.edu 相似文献
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948.
传统神经心理评估的实验控制和生态效度的平衡问题日益受到研究人员的关注,而新兴的虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术为问题的改善带来了希望,它不仅可以模拟现实环境并支持被试的直接交互,而且能对传统测试进行再现和扩展。它所形成的评估系统能对刺激的内容和表象、任务的复杂度和被试的响应进行灵活控制,所获取的信息更丰富、准确。在初步评估注意过程(注意、单侧空间忽略)、记忆(前瞻记忆、情景记忆、空间记忆、地形定向)和执行功能方面已获得了令人满意的效果。然而目前VR评估的应用仍存在技术和设备方面的不足,以及对评估者和被试不同操作要求的局限,因此今后除了要规范化现有VR评估系统,还应该进一步发展基础条件来推动系统的广泛应用。 相似文献
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Karine Lévesque Teresa Kus Karine St-Jean Gilles Dupuis Bernard Thibault Peter G. Guerra France Bédard Bianca D’Antono 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(3):185-201
Quality of life (QoL) is reduced in patients with recurrent vasovagal (VVS) or unexplained syncope (US). Little is known concerning
the natural evolution of QoL following diagnosis. Psychological factors contributing to QoL improvement, such as psychological
distress and self-efficacy remain to be explored. The objective of this study is to examine whether QoL changes 2 months and
6 months following head-up tilt (HUT) testing as well as to determine whether psychological factors are predictive of changes
in QoL. Seventy-three patients undergoing HUT for recurrent syncope were interviewed 1 month before as well as 2 months and
6 months following HUT, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Pre-HUT QoL was significantly worse than at the
2-month (p = 0.000) and 6-month follow-ups (p = 0.000). Psychological distress at baseline was associated with worse QoL 2 months post-HUT (Beta = .280; p = .024), independently of socio-demographic and clinical factors. Improved self-efficacy at follow-up predicted improvements
in QoL (Beta = −.186; p = .023). Two and 6 months post-HUT, QoL is mproved in patients with recurrent syncope. Better QoL is predicted by low psychological
distress and a heightened sense of self-efficacy following HUT. Strategies for enhancing self-efficacy and reducing psychological
distress could be an efficient way to promote QoL in patients suffering from recurrent syncope. 相似文献
950.
Bernard F Fuemmeler Louise C Masse Amy L Yaroch Ken Resnicow Marci Kramish Campbell Carol Carr Terry Wang Alexis Williams 《Health psychology》2006,25(4):474-483
In this study the authors examined psychosocial variables as mediators for fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in a clustered, randomized effectiveness trial conducted in African American churches. The study sample included 14 churches (8 intervention and 6 control) with 470 participants from the intervention churches and 285 participants from the control churches. The outcome of FV intake and the proposed mediators were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Structural equation modeling indicated that the intervention had direct effects on social support, self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation; these variables also had direct effects on FV intake. Applying the M. E. Sobel (1982) formula to test significant mediated effects, the authors confirmed that social support and self-efficacy were significant mediators but that autonomous motivation was not. Social support and self-efficacy partially mediated 20.9% of the total effect of the intervention on changes in FV intake. The results support the use of strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy in dietary intervention programs. 相似文献