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291.
292.
60 educable mentally retarded students from 3 schools in a large urban school system received 9 wk. of instruction from an adaptation of the Productive Thinking Program. Their performance on measures of creative thinking was compared with that of 60 students who received no additional instruction. The conclusions drawn were that (1) special attention to creative thinking training for educable mentally retarded students may be quite effective and results stable over time and (2) the measures of fluency, flexibility, and originality are the most useful in assessing creative thinking for this group. 相似文献
293.
Raymond C Russ Joel A Gold William F Stone 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1980,16(6):562-572
It has previously been shown that confusion, produced by an ambiguous film, leads to increased attraction to attitudinally dissimilar others. It was posited that confusion leads to a search for information that will help to structure the confusing situation, and that dissimilar others have perspectives that are of value in this regard. In the present study, subjects were exposed to either a confusing film, a nonconfusing film preceded by an explanation designed to produce confusion, or the nonconfusing film with no preceding explanation. They then were either given an opportunity to think about the film's meaning or were deprived of this opportunity through a filler task. It was argued that the opportunity to think about the film would allow subjects to gain structure, and that this would reduce their confusion, decrease their need for more information, and thereby decrease their attraction to a dissimilar other. The results supported this contention. That is, subjects exposed to either the confusing film or the nonconfusing film with an explanation and then given an opportunity for thought showed significantly less attraction to a dissimilar stranger than their counterparts who were deprived of this opportunity. 相似文献
294.
Discussions of ethical approaches in nursing have been much enlivened in recent years, for instance by new developments in the theory of care. Nevertheless, many ethical concepts in nursing still need to be clarified. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a fundamental ethical view on nursing care considered as moral practice. Three main components are analyzed more deeply -- i.e., the caring relationship, caring behavior as the integration of virtue and expert activity, and "good care" as the ultimate goal of nursing practice. For the development of this philosophical-ethical interpretation of nursing, we have mainly drawn on the pioneering work of Anne Bishop and John Scudder, Alasdair MacIntyre, Lawrence Blum, and Louis Janssens. We will also show that the European philosophical background offers some original ideas for this endeavor. 相似文献
295.
296.
Jessica Gerson Rhianon Allen Jerry Gold Gary Kose 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2000,30(1):27-32
This study examined the effects of religious and professional beliefs on clinical judgment. Eighty-seven psychotherapists completed a religious belief survey and a professional belief survey, as well as a questionnaire concerning internal conflict between professional and religious beliefs. The subjects then read two brief vignettes, describing a religious and a non-religious patient, and rated the patients with regard to optimism or pessimism concerning responsiveness to treatment. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between religious and professional beliefs. However, the strength of religious beliefs predicted optimism for the religious patient. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between strength of religious beliefs and strength of professional beliefs on clinical ratings. 相似文献
297.
James M. Gold Britta Hahn Gregory P. Strauss James A. Waltz 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(3):294-311
Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate marked impairments on most clinical neuropsychological tests. These findings suggest
that patients suffer from a generalized form of cognitive impairment, with little evidence of spared performance documented
in several large meta-analytic reviews of the clinical literature. In contrast, we review evidence for relative sparing of
aspects of attention, procedural memory, and emotional processing observed in studies that have employed experimental approaches
adapted from the cognitive and affective neuroscience literature. These islands of preserved performance suggest that the
cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are not as general as they appear to be when assayed with clinical neuropsychological
methods. The apparent contradiction in findings across methods may offer important clues about the nature of cognitive impairment
in schizophrenia. The documentation of preserved cognitive function in schizophrenia may serve to sharpen hypotheses about
the biological mechanisms that are implicated in the illness. 相似文献
298.
Sin Ki Ng Flavia M. Cicuttini Yuanyuan Wang Anita E. Wluka Bernadette Fitzgibbon 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(7):790-799
While previous cross-sectional studies have found that negative beliefs about low back pain are associated with pain intensity, the relationship between back beliefs and persistent low back pain is not well understood. This cohort study aimed to examine the role of back beliefs in persistent low back pain in community-based individuals. A hundred and ninety-two participants from a previous musculoskeletal health study were invited to take part in a two-year follow-up study. Beliefs about back pain were assessed by the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) at baseline and low back pain intensity was measured by the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Of the 150 respondents (78.1%), 16 (10.7%) reported persistent high intensity low back pain, 12 (8.0%) developed high intensity low back pain, in 16 (10.7%) their high intensity low back pain resolved and 106 (70.7%) experienced no high intensity low back pain. While participants were generally positive about low back pain (BBQ mean (SD) = 30.2 (6.4)), those with persistent high intensity pain reported greater negativity (BBQ mean (SD) = 22.6 (4.9)). Negative beliefs about back pain were associated with persistent high intensity low back pain after adjusting for confounders (M (SE) = 23.5 (1.6) vs. >30.1 (1.7), p < .001). This study found negative back beliefs were associated with persistent high intensity low back pain over 2 years in community-based individuals. While further longitudinal studies are required, these findings suggest that targeting beliefs in programs designed to treat and prevent persistent high intensity low back pain may be important. 相似文献
299.
Robert F. Bornstein Stephanie H. Gold 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):154-161
Meta-analysis of studies assessing the comorbidity of somatization disorder (SD) with one or more personality disorders (PDs)
revealed that-contrary to the assertions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition, text revision)-SD co-occurs with the majority of Axis II PDs. Although comorbidity effect sizes (rs) linking SD with paranoid PD and obsessive-compulsive PD were small, effect sizes for antisocial, borderline, narcissistic,
histrionic, avoidant, and dependent PD yielded rs about or above 0.20. Comorbidity information in future versions of the DSM should be revised to reflect the greater number
of PDs empirically linked with SD.
相似文献
Robert F. BornsteinEmail: |
300.