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81.
Compañ V Feixas G Varlotta-Domínguez N Torres-Viñals M Aguilar-Alonso A Dada G Angel Saúl L 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2011,24(1):56-77
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain of unknown etiology. Clinical diagnosis and the merely palliative treatments considerably affect the patient's experience and the chronic course of the disease. Therefore, several authors have emphasized the need to explore issues related to self in these patients. The repertory grid technique (RGT), derived from personal construct theory, is a method designed to assess the patient's construction of self and others. A group of women with fibromyalgia (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) were assessed using RGT. Women with fibromyalgia also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and a visualanalogue scale for pain, and painful tender points were explored. Results suggest that these women had a higher present self-ideal self discrepancy and a lower perceived adequacy of others, and it was more likely to find implicative dilemmas among them compared to controls. These dilemmas are a type of cognitive conflict in which the symptom is construed as "enmeshed" with positive characteristics of the self. Finally, implications of these results for the psychological treatment of fibromyalgia are suggested to give a more central role to self-identity issues and to the related cognitive conflicts. 相似文献
82.
Raúl?NavarroEmail author Elisa?Larra?aga Santiago?Yubero 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(4):457-473
This paper presents data concerning culturally prescribed gender traits and their influence on bullying/victimization problems
and aggressive tendencies from a wide sample of 1,654 Spanish adolescents. The aims of this study were to clarify the effect
of masculine traits on male and female secondary students’ aggression, and also to explore the role of feminine traits in
either the inhibition of aggression or the use of more covert forms. Results show that masculine stereotypical traits are
related more strongly with bully perpetration, proneness to aggression and experience of anger and hostility in both sexes.
In contrast, traditional feminine traits are negatively related with bullying perpetration and proneness to aggression. However,
feminine traits are linked to male students’ victimization. Results are discussed in the light of previous findings and are
taken into consideration in the design of intervention practices in secondary schools. 相似文献
83.
Numbers are fundamental entities in mathematics, but their cognitive bases are unclear. Abundant research points to linear space as a natural grounding for number representation. But, is number representation fundamentally spatial? We disentangle number representation from standard number-to-line reporting methods, and compare numerical estimations in educated participants using line-reporting with three nonspatial reporting conditions (squeezing, bell-striking, and vocalizing). All three cases of nonspatial-reporting consistently reproduced well-established results obtained with number-line methods. Furthermore, unlike line-reporting—and congruent with the psychophysical Weber–Fechner law—nonspatial reporting systematically produced logarithmic mappings for all nonsymbolic stimuli. Strikingly, linear mappings were obtained exclusively in conditions with culturally mediated elements (e.g., words). These results suggest that number representation is not fundamentally spatial, but builds on a deeper magnitude sense that manifests spatially and nonspatially mediated by magnitude, stimulus modality, and reporting condition. Number-to-space mappings—although ubiquitous in the modern world—do not seem to be rooted directly in brain evolution but have been culturally privileged and enhanced. 相似文献
84.
The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Severe Intimate Partner Violence Risk Prediction Scale and to revise it in order to ponderate the 20 items according to their discriminant capacity and to solve the missing item problem. The sample for this study consisted of 450 male batterers who were reported to the police station. The victims were classified as high-risk (18.2%), moderate-risk (45.8%) and low-risk (36%), depending on the cutoff scores in the original scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.72) and interrater reliability (r=.73) were acceptable. The point biserial correlation coefficient between each item and the corrected total score of the 20-item scale was calculated to determine the most discriminative items, which were associated with the context of intimate partner violence in the last month, with the male batterer's profile and with the victim's vulnerability. A revised scale (EPV-R) with new cutoff scores and indications on how to deal with the missing items were proposed in accordance with these results. This easy-to-use tool appears to be suitable to the requirements of criminal justice professionals and is intended for use in safety planning. Implications of these results for further research are discussed. 相似文献
85.
The present study considers the importance of analyzing what very powerful or influential people think about their employees. We assumed that belonging to a specific category has a differential effect on the perception of others' thoughts in the organization ("meta-representation"). Therefore, experts in organization and human resources from diverse organizations and institutions assessed seven dimensions which structure the organizational image (context, structure, organizational processes, working climate, culture, satisfaction and efficacy). The results showed that belonging to a group (managers or leaders, academicians, consultants, technicians or employees' representatives) modulated the meta-representation, as the experts' opinion about what they think that the employees consider important was related to their group. This was specifically the case for the managers' and leaders' representations, which differed from the other groups and especially from that of the technicians and employees' representatives. The implications of the present findings are discussed. 相似文献
86.
J. Maria Bermúdez Dwight R. Kirkpatrick Lorna Hecker Carmen Torres-Robles 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2010,32(2):155-172
Latinos comprise a diverse ethnic group in the United States, yet central concepts describing Latinos persist. The purpose
of this study was to assess the degree to which Latinos agree with the statements found in the marriage and family therapy
(MFT) literature used to describe Latinos and Latino families, as well as their help-seeking attitudes and experiences. Research
questions were derived from five constructs used to describe Latinos: familism, personalism, sense of hierarchy, spiritualism, and fatalism (Ho in Family therapy with ethnic minorities. Sage, Newbury, CA, 1987; Ho et al. in Family therapy with ethnic minorities, (2nd ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2004). Overall, participants agreed with most of the statements pertaining to familism and personalism. However, mixed results were found for the constructs related to sense of hierarchy, spiritualism, and fatalism, as well as for participants’ help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Latinos in this sample sought mental health professionals.
However, MFTs were not sought as frequently as psychiatrists, psychologists, and clergy. 相似文献
87.
The aim of this essay has been the evaluation of three orientations towards happiness: pleasure, meaning and engagement, as well as their relation to life satisfaction and the perception of happiness in a sample of 320 university students. The results show that the most used kind of orientation towards happiness is pleasure, followed by meaning, and finally engagement. It has also been found that pleasure is the orientation most closely associated to happiness while engagement seems to be more related to life satisfaction. These findings aim to the distinction between the concepts of happiness and life satisfaction and lead the attention to the actions which can improve the levels of happiness. 相似文献
88.
The understanding of a television story can be very different depending on the age of the viewer, their background knowledge, the content of the programme and the way in which they combine the information gathered from linguistic, audio and visual elements. This study explores the different ways of interpreting an audiovisual document considering that, due to a hearing impaired, visual, audio and linguistic information could be perceived very differently to the way it is by hearing people. The study involved the participation of 20 deaf and 20 hearing adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years who, after watching a fragment of a television series, were asked to draw a picture of what had happened in the story. The results show that the graphical representation of the film is similar for both groups in terms of the number of scenes, but there is greater profusion, in the deaf group, of details about the context and characters, and there are differences in their interpretations of some of the sequences in the story. 相似文献
89.
Jesús Vega-Encabo 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2010,9(2):281-293
In this paper, I examine the so-called disjunctive views on hallucinations. I argue that neither of the options open to the
disjunctivist is capable of accommodating basic phenomenological facts about hallucinatory experiences and the explanatory
demands behind the classical argument from hallucination. A positive characterization of the hallucinatory case is not attractive
to a disjunctivist once she is disposed to accept certain commonalities with veridical experiences. Negative disjunctivism
glosses the hallucinatory disjunct in terms of indiscriminability. I will argue that this move either renounces to characterize
phenomenally the hallucinatory experience or does not take seriously questions about why indiscriminability is possible in
the phenomenal realm. 相似文献
90.
Research on classroom goal-structures (CGS) has shown the usefulness of assessing the classroom motivational climate to evaluate educational interventions and to promote changes in teachers' activity. So, the Classroom Motivational Climate Questionnaire for Secondary and High-School students was developed. To validate it, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed that the CMCQ is a highly reliable instrument that covers many of the types of teaching patterns that favour motivation to learn, correlates as expected with other measures of CGS, predicts satisfaction with teacher's work well, and allows detecting teachers who should revise their teaching. 相似文献