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141.
142.
Silja Vocks Martin Busch Dietrich Grönemeyer Dietmar Schulte Stephan Herpertz Boris Suchan 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(3):422-429
The extrastriate body area (EBA) and the fusiform body area (FBA) are selectively activated by viewing human bodies. However,
the role of these functionally defined brain areas in self-other discrimination is still unresolved. Thirty-one females were
presented with 16 pictures of their own body and another body in a bikini and with scrambled images while fMRI was performed.
Moreover, standardized stimulus material was used in order to localize the EBA and FBA. Region-of-interest analysis showed
an enhanced BOLD response to the self-images relative to the non-self-images in the right EBA and FBA. The right EBA and FBA
are activated differently by viewing oneself and others and might thus play a role in visual self-other discrimination. 相似文献
143.
Jacques GrÉGoire Martial Van Der Linden 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2):140-149
Abstract A number of studies has suggested that aging is characterized by a decline in the central executive while the automatic processes (in particular operations by the phonological loop) remain intact. According to interpretation, age differences should be minimal in verbal forward digit span while they should be more important in backward verbal digit span. A sample of 1,000 subjects with ages ranging from 16 years to 79 years was used to test this hypothesis. the results show no significant effect of age on the difference between digit span forward and backward. the theoretical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
144.
Julie Gonneaud Grégoria Kalpouzos Laëtitia Bon Fausto Viader Francis Eustache 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(4):360-377
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform an action at a specific point in the future. Regarded as multidimensional, PM involves several cognitive functions that are known to be impaired in normal ageing. In the present study we set out to investigate the cognitive correlates of PM impairment in normal ageing. Manipulating cognitive load, we assessed event- and time-based PM, as well as several cognitive functions, including executive functions, working memory, and retrospective episodic memory, in healthy participants covering the entire adulthood. We found that normal ageing was characterised by PM decline in all conditions and that event-based PM was more sensitive to the effects of ageing than time-based PM. Whatever the conditions, PM was linked to inhibition and processing speed. However, while event-based PM was mainly mediated by binding and retrospective memory processes, time-based PM was mainly related to inhibition. The only distinction between high- and low-load PM cognitive correlates lies in an additional, but marginal, correlation between updating and the high-load PM condition. The association of distinct cognitive functions, as well as shared mechanisms with event- and time-based PM, confirm that each type of PM relies on a different set of processes. 相似文献
145.
146.
Paul W. Eastwick Brian M. Wilkey Eli J. Finkel Nathaniel M. Lambert Gráinne M. Fitzsimons Preston C. Brown Frank D. Fincham 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2013,49(2):267-271
The social psychological literature and the evolutionary literature on power suggest different routes by which power might inspire romantic desire: the former highlights the appealing actions of the powerful, whereas the latter demonstrates that people desire powerful individuals upon learning of those individuals' powerful status. We predicted that, in an initial face-to-face interaction, both elements must align for the powerful to inspire romantic desire. In a live mixed-sex interaction, participants experienced the most romantic desire for an opposite-sex target who (a) actually possessed power and (b) was perceived by the participant to possess power. This interaction was mediated by observable behavior—the extent to which the target controlled the conversation and was given legitimacy by the group—indicating that the powerful do not behave powerfully around unaccommodating subordinates. Power manipulations implemented in only one person's mind may not approximate how power functions in real social interactions. 相似文献
147.
Sandrine Mejias Christophe Mussolin Laurence Rousselle Jacques Grégoire 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(6):550-575
There are currently multiple explanations for mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). The present study focused on those assuming that MLD are due to a basic numerical deficit affecting the ability to represent and to manipulate number magnitude (Butterworth, 1999, 2005; A. J. Wilson &; Dehaene, 2007) and/or to access that number magnitude representation from numerical symbols (Rousselle &; Noël, 2007). The present study provides an original contribution to this issue by testing MLD children (carefully selected on the basis of preserved abilities in other domains) on numerical estimation tasks with contrasting symbolic (Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (collection of dots) numbers used as input or output. MLD children performed consistently less accurately than control children on all the estimation tasks. However, MLD children were even weaker when the task involved the mapping between symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers than when the task required a mapping between two nonsymbolic numerical formats. Moreover, in the estimation of nonsymbolic numerosities, MLD children relied more than control children on perceptual cues such as the cumulative area of the dots. Finally, the task requiring a mapping from a nonsymbolic format to a symbolic format was the best predictor of MLD. In order to explain these present results, as well as those reported in the literature, we propose that the impoverished number magnitude representation of MLD children may arise from an initial mapping deficit between number symbols and that magnitude representation. 相似文献
148.
Self-leadership and volition are conceptually similar concepts. Both propose self-influence strategies that aim to improve the motivation and self-direction necessary to perform well. The present study assesses whether self-leadership strategies maintain construct-specific variance when compared with the similar strategies of volition. Results from a questionnaire study (N=320) indicate that self-leadership and volitional strategies are distinguishable and only moderately (r = .33) correlated. Self-leadership, therefore, supplements volition during goal attainment. Findings are discussed in light of the Rubicon model of action phases. 相似文献
149.
Cindy H. P. Sit Koenraad J. Lindner Michael J. Apter Grégory Michel Richard Mallows 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(1):71-87
The Motivational Style Profile for Children (MSP-C) was designed to measure the dominances, orientations and saliences of
motivational states in children. The results of reliability testing and factor analysis followed by parallel analysis of the
50-item, 25-paired, and 15-paired versions for cultural samples suggests the MSP-C may be a viable and reliable instrument
for the measurement of motivational characteristics of children between 9 and 15 years of age. Significant cultural differences
in motivational characteristics were found, in that Hong Kong children were more telic-, arousal avoiding-, and mastery-dominant
compared to the British and French children, suggesting the predominant influence of the Chinese Confucian values. Future
research is recommended to test the psychometric properties of the 15-paired version of the measure for different cultural
samples. 相似文献
150.
Trond Viggo Grøntvedt Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair Mehmet Mehmetoglu 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2015,56(5):516-526
Despite men initiating sex more than women there is considerable variance within the sexes. This study is the first to consider the impact of multiple predictors from the literature, and investigates how factors, such as relationship length, sociosexuality, and different aspects of self‐perceived mate value among others, independently and interactively predict initiation of sexual intercourse in both short‐term sexual and long‐term romantic mating contexts, testing predictions from Sexual strategies theory. For long‐term relationships, positive partner bond increased initiative to sexual intercourse for women. For men, self‐perceived independence increased probability of taking the initiative, while relationship attachment decreased probability. For short‐term relations, the desire component of the sociosexual orientation inventory increased probability of initiation for both sexes, while male initiative was increased by pleasure reasons for sex. The impact of individual predictors on initiating intercourse is influenced by being included in a multidimensional model, and relationship context affects the impact of the predictors. 相似文献