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81.
The suicide rate among psychiatrists revisited 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J Bergman 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1979,9(4):219-226
A review of the literature which examined the suicide rate among psychiatrists and other doctors was made. Particular attention was given to statistical and methodological problems. Common problems include small research sampling, inappropriate comparisons, lack of controls for age, sex, or other relevant factors, interpolating rates from a level per 10,000 to a level per 100,000, and inclusion of a number of unwarranted assumptions. The review did not find evidence that the suicide rate among psychiatrists is higher compared to the population as a whole; nor is there any evidence that the rates of any medical specialty are above average, controlling for the relevant variables. The materials reviewed included all published studies. In order adequately to assess the suicide rate among psychiatrists, a systematic and extensive study must be made, controlling for the relevant methodological variables. 相似文献
82.
Lars R. Bergman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(3):248-252
Within a person-oriented research paradigm the focus is on individuals characterized by patterns of information that are regarded
as indivisible wholes. It is then not sufficient to carry out standard variable-oriented mediation analysis. The procedure
suggested by von Eye, Mun, and Mair (2009) for pattern-oriented mediation analysis is much better aligned to this person-oriented
framework. An important new feature in their approach is that it can detect mediator configurations that prohibit predictor
and outcome connections at a pattern level. Two extensions of their procedure are suggested, namely (1) the use of cluster
analysis to arrive at the categories and (2) the use of other models for estimating the expected frequencies. It is pointed
out that in their context a functional relations perspective might be more relevant than the standard causality perspective.
Lars Bergman is professor of longitudinal research methodology in the behavioral sciences at the Department of Psychology, Stockholm University. He is head of the Stockholm Laboratory for Developmental Science and the research program Individual Development and Adaptation. His main research areas are the study of the adaptation process, especially of factors promoting a positive development, and theoretical-methodological research, especially concerning the person-oriented approach. 相似文献
Lars R. BergmanEmail: |
Lars Bergman is professor of longitudinal research methodology in the behavioral sciences at the Department of Psychology, Stockholm University. He is head of the Stockholm Laboratory for Developmental Science and the research program Individual Development and Adaptation. His main research areas are the study of the adaptation process, especially of factors promoting a positive development, and theoretical-methodological research, especially concerning the person-oriented approach. 相似文献
83.
Russo-Netzer Pninit Horenczyk Gabriel Bergman Yoav S. 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(7):3450-3458
Current Psychology - Immigration has become a global phenomenon as part of modern life. However, immigrants often demonstrate negative emotional states following the immigration process, which may... 相似文献
84.
Byron D. Barnes Eileen Mason Mark R. Leary Jeff Laurent Carol GriebelAllen Bergman 《Journal of research in personality》1988,22(4)
People differ in the degree to which their identities are based on personal versus social identity characteristics. This experiment tested the hypothesis that people are most concerned about evaluations that are relevant to their salient identity orientation. The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire was used to classify subjects as low or high in personal and social identities. Subjects then anticipated taking a test, believing that their performance would be known by only them, by only a research assistant, by both them and a research assistant, or by no one. Subjects then completed thought-listing and self-report measures of evaluation apprehension. Subjects who scored high in social identity reacted more strongly to the social evaluation than subjects low in social identity. Although subjects high in personal identity were not particularly threatened by private feedback, personal identity seemed to buffer subjects against the threat of social-evaluation. The results are discussed in the context of recent work on private and public aspects of the self. 相似文献
85.
Pilotti M Bergman ET Gallo DA Sommers M Roediger HL 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2000,7(2):347-353
In this experiment, we examined the degree to which four implicit tests and two explicit tests, all involving auditory presentation,
were sensitive to the perceptual characteristics of the stimuli presented during study. Presenting stimuli visually decreased
priming in all the implicit memory tests, relative to auditory presentation. However, changing voice between study and test
decreased priming only in the implicit memory tests requiring identification of words degraded by noise or by low-pass filtering,
but not in those tests requiring generation from word portions (stems and fragments). Modality effects without voice effects
were observed in cued recall, but the opposite pattern of results (voice effects without modality effects) was obtained in
recognition. The primary new finding is the demonstration that auditory memory tests, both explicit and implicit, differ in
their sensitivity to the perceptual information encoded during study. 相似文献
86.
Regina Day Langhout Mindy E. Bergman Lilia M. Cortina Louise F. Fitzgerald Fritz Drasgow Jill Hunter Williams 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(5):975-1007
The current study bridges literatures on sexual harassment, person‐environment systems, and stress and appraisal processes. Conventional wisdom equates severity of sexual harassment with type of harassment. We test this notion empirically and posit a more comprehensive model that examines both person‐ and situation‐level variables. Data came from 13,743 U.S. Armed Forces women responding to survey questions about a significant experience of sexual harassment. Multiple regression results indicate that pervasiveness of sexual harassment relates outcomes better than does type of sexual harassment. Pervasiveness and type interact to predict subjective appraisal of harassment. Additionally, according to multiple‐group structural equation models, appraisal mediates relations between pervasiveness and outcomes. Results further suggest that relations among sexual‐harassment antecedents and outcomes are consistent, regardless of the type of sexual harassment. These findings highlight the importance of examining both persons and situations when assessing sexual harassment severity. 相似文献
87.
Behavioral flexibility is considered by some to be one of the hallmarks of advanced cognitive ability. One measure of behavioral
flexibility is how subjects respond to novel objects. Despite growing interest in comparative cognition, no comparative research
on neophilia in wild primates has been conducted. Here, we compare responses to novel objects in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Baboons and geladas are closely related taxa, yet they differ in their ecology and degree of social tolerance: (1) baboons
are habitat and dietary generalists, whereas geladas have one of the most specialized primate diets (90% grass); (2) baboons
exhibit an aversion toward extra-group individuals, whereas geladas typically exhibit an attraction toward them. Using subjects
of all age and sex classes, we examined responses to three different objects: a plastic doll, a rubber ball, and a metal can.
Overall, baboon subjects exhibited stronger responses to the objects (greater neophilia and exploration) than gelada subjects,
yet we found no evidence that the geladas were afraid of the objects. Furthermore, baboons interacted with the objects in
the same way they might interact with a potential food item. Responses were unrelated to sex, but immatures showed more object
exploration than adults. Results corroborate novel object research conducted in captive populations and suggest that baboons
and geladas have differences in behavioral flexibility (at least in this cognitive domain) that have been shaped by ecological
(rather than social) differences between the two species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
88.
A considerable degree of research in cross‐cultural consumer psychology has focused on the effects of individualism–collectivism on consumer preference for advertising appeals. Recently, psychologists have demonstrated a growing interest in the individual‐level manifestations of individualism–collectivism. Idiocentrism refers to person‐level individualism, whereas allocentrism refers to person‐level collectivism. Drawing on individualism–collectivism theory, in this article we look at the lifestyle of idiocentrics and allocentrics. Our findings suggest a convergence between the etic‐ and emic‐level approaches, thus strengthening individualism–collectivism theory. The emic‐level findings of this study also suggest additional questions to be explored at the etic level. Finally, we make suggestions for applications in consumer communication. 相似文献
89.
Margaret Mahler's thinking, revolutionary for its time, led to the observational study of mother-infant pairs, followed almost day by day as the preverbal infant developed into a toddler whose increasing cognitive capacities made new demands on the mother's presence and emotional availability. The rapprochement crisis, as formulated based on these observations, is reexamined in the light of contemporary theory, and the concept of co-construction is used to show how mother and toddler repair misunderstandings and inevitable conflicts. With the growth of new verbal capacities during rapprochement, the toddler moves from early, sensorimotor interactions to interactions governed by language, in the process gaining new understanding of his or her emotional life. 相似文献
90.
NiCole T. Buchanan Mindy E. Bergman Tamara A. Bruce Krystle C. Woods Lauren L. Lichty 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(3):267-285
An analysis is presented of issues involved in the differences noted between female and male leaders of mixed-sex groups. After surveying some of the different types of reactions of followers of both sexes to female or male leaders, this paper calls attention to such contributing factors as the nature of the group task, attitudes of leader and followers toward appropriate sex roles, and the criterion measures used. Implications for future research are derived and discussed. 相似文献